Fig. 5.

Influence of up‐regulation of β‐alanine metabolism on the metabolic flux of MVA pathway. (A) Relative transcription levels of GAD1, PAN6, and CAB1 in YS58‐derived strains. (B) Squalene content of YS58‐derived strains. (C) Fold change of transcription levels of GAD1, PAN6 and CAB1 in strain SQ3‐4 vs SQ3‐3. (D) Cell growth and squalene content of strains SQ3‐3 and SQ3‐4. Yeast cells were cultivated in YPD with yeast extract YE‐O or YE‐N, respectively, at 30°C and 200 rpm for 24 h. Data are presented as the means of three biological replicates. Error bars represent standard deviations (n = 3). Student’s t‐test was used for statistical analysis (*P < 0.05; * *P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).