Table 3.
Outcome variables and measures for the PROmoting Early Childhood Outside (PRO-ECO) studya.
| Outcome, subcategory, and variable | Measure | Informant | ||||||||||
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Child | ECEb | ECECc | Parent | |||||||
| Primary outcomes—children | ||||||||||||
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Occurrence of outdoor play | TOPOd—play type | ✓ |
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Diversity of outdoor play behavior | TOPO—play type | ✓ |
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| Additional outcomes | ||||||||||||
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ECEC | |||||||||||
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Quality of ECECs’ outdoor play space | Seven Cs ECEC assessment score |
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✓ |
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ECEs’ attitudes toward risky play | T-TRiPSe |
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✓ |
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Acceptability of PRO-ECO intervention | Interviews and focus groups with ECEs and administrators; intercept interviews with parents |
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✓ |
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✓ | |||||
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Economic analysis of PRO-ECO intervention | ECE and child attendance, ECE staff turnover, incidents of children’s challenging behaviors, institution and intervention costs, and nonfinancial outcomes (outdoor play) |
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✓ | ✓ |
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Child health, development, and well-being | |||||||||||
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Psychosocial | SDQf | ✓ |
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Injury | Reported incidents |
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✓ |
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Physical activity intensity | OBMg (CARSh) | ✓ |
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Development and behavior outcomes | PSBS-Ti |
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✓ |
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aAll variables will be collected at each time point (time 1, time 2, and time 3).
bECE: early childhood educator.
cECEC: early childhood education center.
dTOPO: Tool for Observing Play Outdoors.
eT-TRiPS: Teacher Tolerance of Risk in Play Scale.
fSDQ: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
gOBM: observational behavior mapping.
hCARS: Children’s Activity Rating Scale.
iPSBS-T: Preschool Social Behavior Scale-Teacher Form.