Table 1.

Effects of LCBs on body weight, serum inflammatory cytokines, and serum and hepatic ROS and FFAs concentrations in obese mice.

	Control	HFFD	0.008% LCBs	0.025% LCBs
Body weight gain (g)	15.5 ± 1.7	28.6 ± 2.1##	24.0 ± 2.3	18.6 ± 1.1**
Epididymal adipose weight (g)	0.554 ± 0.083	1.67 ± 0.20##	1.35 ± 0.22	0.868 ± 0.127**
Serum TNF-α (pg/mL)	287 ± 13	536 ± 30##	479 ± 25*	304 ± 19**
Serum CRP (ng/mL)	92.3 ± 6.6	137 ± 18##	124 ± 10	102 ± 8*
Serum MIP-1 (pg/mL)	28.9 ± 1.4	56.3 ± 3.4##	50.4 ± 2.1	36.6 ± 2.4**
Serum IL-1β (pg/mL)	54.3 ± 6.1	71.8 ± 4.4##	67.5 ± 3.7	62.2 ± 4.1*
Serum IL-6 (pg/mL)	32.9 ± 3.7	52.5 ± 4.4##	47.7 ± 3.6	41.1 ± 2.4**
Serum IL-10 (pg/mL)	122 ± 7	70.1 ± 5.7##	102 ± 7*	91.8 ± 8.5**
Serum ROS (U/mL)	164 ± 8	258 ± 13##	233 ± 11	189 ± 6**
Serum FFAs (μmol/L)	236 ± 14	376 ± 20##	315 ± 12*	270 ± 10**
Hepatic ROS (U/mg)	48.0 ± 3.1	97.2 ± 6.7##	83.8 ± 6.2	60.4 ± 5.3**
Hepatic FFAs (μmol/mg)	0.449 ± 0.016	1.38 ± 0.09##	1.16 ± 0.11	0.735 ± 0.039**

The obesity model mice were established by fed HFFD. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 12/group). Multiple comparisons were done using one way ANOVA.

^##p < 0.01 versus control;

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01 versus HFFD.

CRP = C-reactive protein; FFA = free fatty acid; HFFD = high-fat fructose diet; IL = interleukin; LCBs = long-chain bases; MIP = macrophage inflammatory protein; ROS = reactive oxygen species; TNF = tumor necrosis factor-α.