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. 2022 Jul 14;13:922760. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.922760

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Copyright © 2022 Getahun, Ngiela, Makwatta, Ahuya, Simon, Kamau, Torto and Masiga.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Trypanosome infection increased phenolic compounds concentration in cow urine. (A–D) Representative GC-MS profile showing the significant increase of phenolic compounds due to T. congolense and T. vivax infection. (E,F) Representative GC-MS profile showing the significant increase of phenolic compounds due to T. congolense in goat urine. Panel (A) is for T. congolense and (B) is for T. vivax infection. Due to the variation of metabolites modification between individual livestock, the graphs are not presented at the same scale.