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. 2022 Jul 27;607(7920):687–691. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04891-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Each of the two parties, Alice and Bob, holds QKD devices, which are connected by a quantum channel. The devices receive the inputs X and Y, and respond with outputs A and B, respectively. To run the protocol each party needs a trusted supply of inputs and a trusted local storage unit to store both output and inputs. Additionally, a trusted authenticated public channel (pub. auth. channel) between the two parties is necessary for exchange of information during post-processing. gen., generation.