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. 2022 Jul 27;607(7920):687–691. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04891-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Shown is the minimum number of rounds, that is, block length, required to distribute a finite key with a certain epsilon security, considering collective attacks and uniformly distributed measurement settings. The channel parameters S, Q₀ and Q₁ are set to the observed values in the experiment. A non-asymptotic security of ε_DI = 10⁻⁵ is considered to be realistic for cryptography applications.