Table 6.
Socio-cultural and economic factors influencing emergence and spread of COVID-19 pandemic at the wildlife markets in North-central Nigeria: 2020 – 2021.
| Factors | Poor influence n (%) | Satisfactory influence n (%) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggregation of different wildlife species during capturing or hunting | |||||
| No | 235 (62.3) | 142 (37.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 60 (29.2) | 146 (70.8) | 4.03 | 2.79, 5.81 | <0.001* |
| Aggregations of different wildlife species during transportation | |||||
| No | 222 (58.1) | 160 (41.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 75 (37.3) | 126 (62.75) | 2.33 | 1.64, 3.31 | 0.001* |
| Aggregations of different wildlife species in the markets | |||||
| No | 215 (53.6) | 186 (46.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 59 (32.4) | 123 (67.6) | 2.14 | 1.67, 3.48 | 0.001* |
| Aggregations of different species at same wildlife farms | |||||
| No | 108 (54.3) | 91 (45.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 188 (49.0) | 196 (51.0) | 1.23 | 0.88, 1.74 | 0.220 |
| Poor markets sanitation, hygiene, and biosecurity | |||||
| No | 112 (61.2) | 71 (38.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 128 (32.0 | 272 (68.0) | 3.35 | 2.33, 4.82 | <0.001* |
| Poor butchering practices | |||||
| No | 171 (26.3) | 148 (23.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 101 (24.8) | 163 (35.2) | 1.87 | 1.34, 2.60 | 0.001* |
| Exchange of wildlife species between shops in the markets | |||||
| No | 247 (76.3) | 144 (23.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 88 (24.8) | 104 (35.2) | 2.03 | 1.43, 2.88 | 0.001* |
Statistically significant at p<0.05*; CI – Confidence interval.