Table 3.

Heterogeneity and pleiotropy assessment

Stage	Exposure	IVs	Cochran's Q	Intercept	P for intercept	Outliers
Discovery	Lifestyle factor
	Smoking initiation	311	345	− 0.003	0.524	0
	Lifetime smoking index	126	124	0.017	0.013	0
	Alcohol drinking	84	165	0.009	0.329	4
	Coffee consumption	12	19	− 0.009	0.552	0
	Caffeine consumption	2	0	–	–	–
	Vigorous physical activity	5	2	0.071	0.303	0
	Metabolic factor
	Body mass index	312	342	0.001	0.720	0
	Waist circumference	44	69	− 0.002	0.847	0
	Type 2 diabetes	497	929	0.007	0.006	6
	Fasting insulin	58	128	0.005	0.639	2
	Fasting glucose	91	159	0.008	0.152	1
	Systolic blood pressure	228	188	0.001	0.907	0
	High-density lipoprotein cholesterol	473	798	− 0.003	0.167	7
	Apolipoprotein A-1	383	730	− 0.002	0.530	6
	Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	199	396	0.008	0.029	7
	Triglycerides	392	583	0.004	0.065	4
	Apolipoprotein B	225	415	0.006	0.095	6
Replication	Lifestyle factor
	Smoking initiation	311	333	− 0.003	0.590	0
	Lifetime smoking index	126	118	0.001	0.968	0
	Alcohol drinking	84	151	0.005	0.719	3
	Coffee consumption	12	60	− 0.012	0.871	1
	Caffeine consumption	2	2	–	–	–
	Vigorous physical activity	5	1	0.107	0.530	0
	Metabolic factor
	Body mass index	312	416	− 0.004	0.045	0
	Waist circumference	44	74	− 0.018	0.355	0
	Type 2 diabetes	497	925	− 0.001	0.882	5
	Fasting insulin	58	112	0.043	0.033	1
	Fasting glucose	91	148	0.007	0.514	1
	Systolic blood pressure	228	268	− 0.006	0.493	2
	High-density lipoprotein cholesterol	473	829	− 0.001	0.831	4
	Apolipoprotein A-1	383	744	− 0.001	0.689	4
	Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	199	337	0.006	0.151	6
	Triglycerides	392	685	0.003	0.178	8
	Apolipoprotein B	225	337	0.003	0.410	5

IVs instrumental variables