Table 2.

Suggested causes of AKI [24,25,29].

The Causes of AKI
Prerenal	Intrarenal	Postrenal
Hypowolemia	Acute tubular necrosis (prolonged renal ischemia, nephrotoxic agents, sepsis)	Nephrolithiasis/ureteral stones
Hypotension	Acute interstitial nephritis	Tumors in the urinary tract
Renal artery stenosis	Intracellular deposition	Blood clots in the urinary tract
Aortic dissection	Fat embolism	Urethral obstruction
Severe organ failure, e.g., liver failure	Vasculitis	Prostate hypertrophy
Drugs, e.g., NSAIDs, ACEIs, cyclosporine	Rhabdomyolysis	Narrowing of the ureters

NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ACEIs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.