Table 3.
Anxiety and depression in association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of SLE patients.
| Anxiety Level (HADS-A) |
Depression Level (HADS-D) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate Analysis | Standardized β Coefficient; p-Value 1 | |||
| Age (years) | 0.05 | 0.771 | 0.04 | 0.812 |
| Education 2 | −0.14 | 0.389 | −0.22 | 0.172 |
| SLE duration (years) | 0.10 | 0.528 | 0.06 | 0.721 |
| Employment 3 | −0.42 | 0.007 | −0.27 | 0.093 |
| Comorbidities (no.) | 0.12 | 0.466 | 0.22 | 0.167 |
| SLEDAI-2K | −0.04 | 0.786 | −0.15 | 0.353 |
| Organ damage (SDI) | 0.08 | 0.632 | −0.22 | 0.174 |
| SLE treatment | ||||
| HCQ 4,5 | −0.07 | 0.632 | 0.11 | 0.489 |
| Glucocorticoids 4 | −0.06 | 0.372 | −0.22 | 0.180 |
| Immunosuppressives 4 | −0.45 | 0.003 | −0.17 | 0.284 |
| Biologics 4 | −0.05 | 0.765 | 0.07 | 0.686 |
| Multivariable-adjusted 5 | ||||
| Employment (working) 3 | −0.35 | 0.017 | −0.27 | 0.093 |
| Immunosuppressives 4 | −0.39 | 0.008 | – | – |
1 Linear regression analysis. 95% CI (95% confidence interval); 2 Treated as ordinal variable (0 = primary level; 1 = secondary levels; 3 = tertiary level); 3 Treated as dummy variable (1 = paid employment; 0 = not paid employment); 4 Treated as dummy variable (1 = use; 0 = no use); 5 Backwards elimination model (variables with univariate p-Value 0.100 were entered); HCQ, hydroxychloroquine.