Effects of AIT delivered in hydrogel compared to standard AIT treatment on mucus hypersecretion and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue. (a) Representative lung histology (PAS staining) of non-allergic, non-allergic–hydrogel, allergic, AIT, and AIT–hydrogel groups. Arrows, inflammatory infiltrate; arrowheads, mucus hypersecretion; scale bar: 100 μm. (b) Histological scoring of inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion (n = 6); boxplots indicate minimum, 25th percentile, median, 75th percentile, and maximum. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. p-values of ≤0.05, ≤0.01, ≤0.001, and ≤0.0001 are shown as *, **, ***, and ****, respectively. p-values of AIT groups compared to the respective non-allergic groups are shown as +++.