Table 5.
Serological biomarkers of extracellular matrix formation/degradation, intestinal inflammation, and immune cell activity measured in this study.
| Protein | Biomarker of Degradation |
Biomarker of Formation |
Implication | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type I collagen |
C1M: Neo-epitope of MMP-2, -9, -13 mediated degradation of type I collagen |
- | IM degradation | [33] |
| Type III collagen |
C3M: Neo-epitope of MMP-9 mediated degradation of type III collagen |
PRO-C3: Released N-terminal pro-peptide of type III collagen | IM turnover | [34,35] |
| Type IV collagen |
C4M: Neo-epitope of MMP-2, -9, -12 mediated degradation of type IV collagen alpha-1 chain C4G: Neo-epitope generated by T-cell granzyme-B-mediated degradation of type IV collagen |
PRO-C4: Internal epitope in 7s domain of type IV collagen | BM turnover | [36,37,38] |
| Type VI collagen |
C6Ma3: MMP-2 and -9 degraded type VI collagen |
- | BM/IM degradation | [39] |
| Calprotectin | CPa9-HNE: Neo-epitope of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) mediated degradation of calprotectin | - | Neutrophil activity | [40] |