Table 1.

Main advantages and side effects of the drugs used in the treatment of hypertension in renal transplant recipients.

Antihypertensive Classes	References	Advantages	Side Effects
Thiazide Diuretics	Taber D. et al. [60]	Reduce extracellular expansion Reduce arteriolar resistance Consider in salt-sensitive HTN	Hypokalemia, hyponatremia Reversible increase in serum creatinine
Loop Diuretics	Rizk J. et al. [61]	Reduce extracellular expansion Effective in heart failure	Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia Hypovolemia Ototoxicity
Calcium Channel Blockers	Baroletti S. et al. [62]	Reduce arteriolar vasoconstriction Reverse ventricular hypertrophy	Peripheral oedema Gastroesophageal reflux Gum hypertrophy Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers increase cyclosporine levels
RAAS-inhibitors (ACEi and ARB)	Jiang Y. et al. [63]	Prevent heart failure Prevent intimal thickening Antiproteinuric effects	Small increase in serum creatinine Hyperkalemia Anemia Worsening renal function in the setting of TRAS or hypovolemia
Mineralcorticoid Receptor Antagonists	Girerd S. et al. [64]	Improve outcomes in HFrEF	Hyperkalemia
Beta-blockers	Aftab W. et al. [65]	Cardioprotective	Hyperlipidemia Interference with glucose metabolism Hypoglycemia in diabetic patients
Alpha2 adrenergic agonists	Gavras I. et al. [66]	Peripheral vasodilation No change in renal plasma flow and GFR	Potential rebound HTN Orthostatic hypotension Dryness Confusion Constipation
Alpha1 antagonists	Martinez-Castelao A. et al. [67]	Peripheral vasodilation	Headache, drowsiness, numbness Constipation

ACEi, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HTN, hypertension; RAAS, Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System; TRAS, transplant renal artery stenosis.