Table 1.
Main data gathered from selected studies.
| # | Authors | Year | Country | Sport | Sample | Population and Age | Duration of Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lee et al. [34] | 2021 | South Korea | AB | 120 high school students (65 M/55 W) | Teenagers. a:18.95 | 15 weeks per sport, three times a week, 35 min a session. |
| 2 | Chen et al. [25] | 2021 | USA | AB | 18 participants with intellectual disabilities (14 M/4 W) | Young people. a:22.28 | Ten lessons of 50 min, twice a week. |
| 3 | Lassandro et al. [17] | 2021 | Italy | PB | 30 professional players | Adults. Age range of 18–69 | - |
| 4 | Ng et al. [28] | 2020 | China | RB | 84 patients (35 M/49 W) | Adults. a:36.7 | - |
| 5 | Mohammed [35] | 2020 | Saudi Arabia | AB | 346 M (FVC = 169; BC = 97; CG = 80) | Teenagers. (CG = a:19.61 ± 1.24 years; FVC= a:18.24 ± 0.56 years; BC = a:19.34 ± 0.68 years) | Twice a week for eight weeks, 50 min per session. |
| 6 | Chan and Lee [27] | 2020 | UK | PB | 6 (4 M/2 W) | Adults and the elderly. a: 59.50 ± 6.37 years | - |
| 7 | Esen and Arslan [36] | 2020 | Turkey | AB | 68 M (BA =14; BX = 12; JD = 14; TA = 14; NA = 15) | Teenagers. (BA = a:13.43 ± 0.94 years); BX = a:14 ± 1.71 years); JD = a:14.50 ± 1.95 years); TA = a:15.38 ± 0.96 years); NA = a:14.67 ± 0.49 years | - |
| 8 | Duncan et al. [37] |
2020 | UK | AB | 124 children (67 M/57 W) | Children. m:8.5 ± 1.9 years | Six weeks, one session a week, 60 min per session |
| 9 | Buzzelli and Draper [38] | 2020 | USA | RB | 3012 participants (1822 M/1190 W) | Elderly. m:63.17 years | - |
| 10 | Nassef et al. [39] | 2019 | Taiwan | RB | 7797 people (3559 M/4238 W) | Adults and the elderly. 30–70 years | - |
| 11 | Tarutta et al. [40] | 2019 | Russia | RB | 40 children with refractive errors of +6.63 a −6.75 D | Children. a:9.24 ± 1.06 years | 6 months |
| 12 | Takahashi and Grove [41] | 2019 | Australia | RB | 20 participants (8 M/12 W) | Young people. a:20.9 ± 0.2 years | 3 days, ten minutes each day |
| 13 | Stovba et al. [26] | 2019 | Russia | AB | 40 students W | Teenagers. Age range 17–18 years | 2 times a week, 90 min per session. |
| 14 | Schnohr et al. [42] | 2018 | Denmark | RB | 8577 (65% M, 35% W) | Young, adults and the elderly. Age range of 20–93 years. (BA = 44 ± 14 years). | - |
| 15 | Dogruel et al. [43] | 2018 | Turkey | AB | 73 children (32 M/41 W) suffering from asm (SW = 27, SB = 26, ATL = 11, BA = 9) | Children and adolescents. a:12 ± 2.3 years | - |
| 16 | Hung et al. [44] | 2018 | Taiwan | RB | 20 students W | Young people. a:23.15 ± 2.48 years | Two sessions of 30 min separated by a period of 7 days. |
| 17 | Patterson et al. [45] | 2017 | UK | RB | 36 W healthy and untrained pre-menopausal | Adults. M:34.3 ± 6.9 years | 8 weeks |
| 18 | Deka et al. [46] | 2017 | USA | RB | 14 players W | Adults. M:35.9 ± 6.62 years | - |
| 19 | Akin et al. [47] | 2017 | Turkey | AB | 3 girls with autistic spectrum disorder | Children and adolescents. a:12.6 ± 1.5 years | Adaptation exercises for two weeks and badminton exercises for 10 weeks. |
| 20 | Liao et al. [48] | 2017 | Taiwan | PB | 42 badminton players (28 M/14 W) and 15 non-athletes (7 M/8 W) | Youth and adults. (BA = a:22.7 ± 1.5 years, NA = a:26.1 ± 2.6 years) | 30 min |
| 21 | Yan and Li [49] | 2015 | China | AB | 92 individuals of both sexes | Young people. M:20 years | 15 weeks of training in five sports (basketball, badminton, qigong, aerobics and dancing) |
| 22 | Dube et al. [50] | 2015 | India | AB | 100 M (50 belonging to the study group and 50 to the control group) | Teenagers and young people. Age range 18–22 years | - |
| 23 | Zhao et al. [51] | 2014 | China | AB | 60 W non-athletic junior university students | Adolescents. a: 18.9 years | 20 weeks, 4 days a week, 60 min a day |
| 24 | Stefanelli [52] | 2014 | Uruguay | RB | 100 participants | Adolescents. Age range 12–13 years | 9 months |
| 25 | Kim et al. [53] | 2014 | USA | RB | 13 participants | Adolescents. Over 18 years old | |
| 26 | Lam et al. [54] | 2011 | China | RB | 66 elderly individuals (27 M/39 W) | Elderly. Age range 65–75 years | 10 weeks, two training sessions per week, 60 min per session |
| 27 | Tervo et al. [55] | 2010 | Sweden | PB | 92 participants M (48 IH players, 19 BA players and 25 CP). | Teenagers and adults. Study outset: IH = 17 ± 0.4, BA players = 17.8 ± 2.5 and CP 16.9 ± 0.6. Study end: 29.0 ± 0.7 in IH players, 29.3 ± 3 in BA players and 29 ± 0.5 in CP players | - |
Note 1 (Abbreviations). academic badminton (AB); recreational badminton (RB); professional badminton (PB); women (W); men (M); average (a); football and volleyball course (FVC); badminton course (BC); control group (CG); badminton (BA); boxing (BX); judo (JD); taekwondo (TA); non-athletes (NA); no exercise (NE); aerobic exercise (AE); swimming (SW); street basketball (SB); athletics (ATL); ice hockey (IH); control players (CP).