Table 5.

Benefits produced by badminton engagement in different populations and sexes.

Type of Health	Specific Benefits	Population and Gender
Physical Health	Improvements in heart function	Adult women, young women and men, and young women and men with intellectual disabilities [25,45,49]
	Improvements in lung function (breathing capacity)	Adults of both sexes, young people of both sexes, children and adolescents of both sexes [43,44,45,46,49]
	Strengthens the ligaments of the lens	Children with various optical refractions [40]
	Reduces postural asymmetries between those who engage in and do not engage in sport.	Adolescents of both sexes [36]
	Lower risk of coronary heart disease	Adults and elderly men and women [39]
	Body shape benefits	Adolescent girls (16)
	Strengthens functional physical health and self-perceived functional health and slows biological degradation	Elderly men and women [54]
	Increases bone mineral density in the neck of the femur, humerus and lumbar spine	Adolescent males as they progress into adulthood [55]
	Increases life expectancy beyond other sports such as football, cycling and swimming.	Young, adult and elderly men and women [42]
	Improves basic physical abilities (speed, flexibility, endurance and strength)	Adolescents of both sexes [26,34,35]
	Improves speed	Young men and women [49]
	Improves flexibility	Young women [50]
	Improves vertical jump	Adult women [44]
	Better muscle coordination	Adolescents and young men [50]
	Improves manipulative skills	Elderly men and women [54]
	Improves motor skills	Boys and girls, with the most significant changes in the youngest children [37]
Mental health	Improves inhibition	Young people and adults of both sexes [41,48]
	Improves cognitive function, alertness and concentration	Male adolescents and young adults [50]
	Improves attention	Children and adolescents of both sexes with autistic spectrum disorder [47]
	Reduces depressive symptoms	Young men and women with intellectual disabilities and adolescent girls [25,51]
	Predictor of general motivation for activity	Adult patients of both sexes referred to occupational therapy [28] and adolescents [52]
Social Health	Improves social relationships	Adult women [45] and professional players [18]
	Supports personal development and mood regulation	Adults and elderly men and women [27]
	Increases intrinsic motivation	Elderly men and women [38]

Note: Numbers in brackets pertain to the reference of the paper from which the various benefits are drawn.