Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by occurrence of catch-up growth at 3 years among infants born small for gestational age† at term (n = 2,222).
| Total | Catch-up growth at 3 years | No catch-up growth at 3 years | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 2,222) | (n = 1,860) | (n = 362) | ||
| Sex of child (male) | 937 (42.2) | 783 (42.1) | 155 (42.8) | 0.84 |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 39.2 (1.1) | 39.2 (1.2) | 39.0 (1.2) | <0.01 |
| Z-score of birth length | -2.0 (1.0) | -1.9 (1.0) | -2.0 (0.9) | 0.08 |
| Z-score of birth weight | -1.8 (0.8) | -1.8 (0.9) | -2.0 (0.9) | <0.05 |
| Age of mother at delivery (years) | 31.0 ± 5.1 | 31.0 ± 5.3 | 30.7 ± 5.7 | 0.18 |
| Parity (≥1) | 1,093 (49.2) | 898 (48.3) | 195 (53.9) | 0.06 |
| Maternal weight gain during pregnancy (kg) | 9.4 ± 4.0 | 9.5 ± 4.1 | 8.8 ± 4.6 | <0.05 |
| Smoking status during pregnancy | ||||
| Never | 1,221 (55.0) | 1,008 (54.2) | 213 (58.8) | 0.23 |
| Previously did, but quit before recognizing current pregnancy | 461 (20.7) | 396 (21.3) | 65 (18.0) | |
| Previously did, but quit after finding out current pregnancy | 326 (14.7) | 275 (14.8) | 51 (14.1) | |
| Yes, I still smoke | 214 (9.6) | 181 (9.7) | 33 (9.1) | |
| Breastfeeding status at 2 years | ||||
| Currently continued breastfeeding | 384 (17.3) | 322 (17.3) | 62 (17.1) | 0.08 |
| Stopped breastfeeding before | 1,539 (69.3) | 1,299 (69.8) | 240 (66.3) | |
| Never breastfeeding | 299 (13.5) | 239 (12.8) | 60 (16.6) | |
| Frequency of meal or snack per day at 2 years (≥3 times per day) |
2,182 (98.2) | 1834 (98.6) | 348 (96.1) | <0.05 |
| Height of mother (cm) | 156.5 ± 5.4 | 157.0 ± 5.5 | 154.0 ± 5.8 | <0.01 |
| Height of father (cm) | 170.1 ± 6.2 | 170.6 ± 6.7 | 167.4 ± 6.9 | <0.01 |
†Small for gestational age defined by length and/or weight at birth <-2 standard deviation.
Data are reported in mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
p-values are from a t-test for continuous variables and a chi-squared test for categorical variables.