Table 3.
Characteristics of participants by occurrence of catch-up growth at 3 years among infants born small for gestational age at term in the complete dataset (n = 1,134).
| Total | Catch-up growth at 3 years | No catch-up growth at 3 years | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1,134) | (n = 945) | (n = 189) | ||
| Sex of child (male) | 477 (42.1) | 394 (41.7) | 83 (43.9) | 0.62 |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 39.2 ± 1.1 | 39.3 ± 1.1 | 38.9 ± 1.1 | <0.01 |
| Z-score of length at birth | -2.0 ± 0.9 | -1.9 ± 1.0 | -2.1 ± 0.7 | <0.05 |
| Z-score of birth weight | -1.8 ± 0.8 | -1.8 ± 0.8 | -2.0 ± 0.8 | <0.01 |
| Age of mother at delivery (years) | 31.4 ± 4.9 | 31.5 ± 4.9 | 31.1 ± 4.8 | 0.42 |
| Parity (≥1) | 512 (45.1) | 420 (44.4) | 92 (48.7) | 0.30 |
| Maternal weight gain during pregnancy (kg) | 9.2 ± 3.9 | 9.3 ± 3.8 | 8.8 ± 4.1 | 0.13 |
| Smoking status during pregnancy | ||||
| Never | 693 (61.1) | 569 (60.2) | 124 (65.6) | 0.38 |
| Previously did, but quit before recognizing current pregnancy | 237 (20.9) | 206 (21.8) | 31 (16.4) | |
| Previously did, but quit after finding out current pregnancy | 138 (12.2) | 114 (12.1) | 24 (12.7) | |
| Yes, I still smoke | 66 (5.8) | 56 (5.9) | 10 (5.3) | |
| Status on breastfeeding at 2 years | ||||
| Currently continued breastfeeding | 201 (17.7) | 167 (17.7) | 34 (18.0) | 0.75 |
| Stopped before breastfeeding | 789 (69.6) | 661 (69.9) | 128 (67.7) | |
| Never breastfeeding | 144 (12.7) | 117 (12.4) | 27 (14.3) | |
| Frequency of meal or snack per day at 2 years (≥3 times per day) |
1,112 (98.1) | 932 (98.6) | 180 (95.2) | < 0.05 |
| Height of mother (cm) | 156.7 ± 5.3 | 157.2 ± 5.2 | 154.2 ± 5.1 | < 0.01 |
| Height of father (cm) | 170.0 ± 5.7 | 170.5 ± 5.6 | 167.3 ± 5.3 | < 0.01 |
†Small for gestational age defined by length and/or weight at birth <-2 standard deviation.
Data are reported in mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
p-values are from a t-test for continuous variables and a chi-squared test for categorical variables.