Table 2.
Univariate analysis of 90-day mortality and rebleeding.
| Factor | 90-day mortality | Rebleeding | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P -value | OR (95% CI) | P -value | |
| Age (yr) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.05) | <0.0001 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 0.005 |
| Male sex | 0.94 (0.59, 1.50) | 0.802 | 0.79 (0.52, 1.20) | 0.278 |
| Medicine on presentation | ||||
| PPI | 1.20 (0.60, 2.41) | 0.600 | 1.22 (0.64, 2.33) | 0.540 |
| Aspirin | 0.91 (0.50, 1.69) | 0.776 | 0.88 (0.49, 1.56) | 0.655 |
| NSAIDs | 1.14 (0.55, 2.36) | 0.726 | 1.05 (0.52, 2.09) | 0.895 |
| Anticoagulant drugs | 1.56 (0.45, 5.42) | 0.483 | 0.37 (0.05, 2.81) | 0.339 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Coronary heart disease | 1.25 (0.72, 2.19) | 0.425 | 1.16 (0.68, 1.96) | 0.590 |
| Hypertension | 1.35 (0.88, 2.07) | 0.173 | 1.00 (0.66, 1.51) | 0.993 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.97 (0.22, 4.25) | 0.971 | 0.80 (0.18, 3.48) | 0.763 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.20 (0.72, 2.00) | 0.487 | 1.07 (0.66, 1.74) | 0.791 |
| Cirrhosis | 1.61 (1.03, 2.52) | 0.036 | 2.58 (1.73, 3.84) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0.43 (0.10, 1.79) | 0.245 | 0.54 (0.16, 1.78) | 0.314 |
| Gastrointestinal tumors | 4.72 (2.50, 8.90) | <0.0001 | 2.42 (1.23, 4.77) | 0.011 |
| Onset symptoms | ||||
| Hematesis | 1.77 (1.15, 2.72) | 0.010 | 1.62 (1.09, 2.41) | 0.016 |
| Melaena | 0.49 (0.31, 0.75) | 0.001 | 0.75 (0.49, 1.15) | 0.187 |
| Accompanying symptoms | ||||
| Confusion | 3.54 (1.52, 8.22) | 0.003 | 1.16 (0.40, 3.39) | 0.789 |
| Syncope | 0.96 (0.45, 2.05) | 0.909 | 0.77 (0.36, 1.65) | 0.507 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 0.98 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.001 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.824 |
| HR (bpm) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.016 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.273 |
| GCS | 0.57 (0.45, 0.72) | <0.0001 | 0.96 (0.76, 1.21) | 0.714 |
| Laboratory (on admission) | ||||
| HGB (g/dL) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.005 | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 0.000 |
| PLT (× 109/L) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.695 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.005 |
| ALB (g/L) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.95) | <0.0001 | 0.95 (0.92, 0.97) | 0.000 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.417 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.741 |
| APTT (s) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.09) | 0.000 | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | 0.001 |
| Endoscopy | 0.36 (0.23, 0.55) | <0.0001 | 0.71 (0.46, 1.08) | 0.110 |
| No abnormalities seen | 0.00 (0.00, Inf) | 0.984 | 11.06 (1.83, 66.87) | 0.009 |
| Variceal bleeding | 1.38 (0.84, 2.27) | 0.205 | 2.38 (1.56, 3.65) | <0.0001 |
| Peptic ulcer bleeding | 0.28 (0.16, 0.47) | <0.0001 | 0.38 (0.24, 0.60) | <0.0001 |
| Esophagitis/gastritis/duodenitis | 0.44 (0.16, 1.23) | 0.116 | 0.26 (0.08, 0.84) | 0.025 |
| Dieulafoy's lesion | 0.00 (0.00, Inf) | 0.985 | 0.00 (0.00, Inf) | 0.977 |
| Mallory-weiss syndrome | 0.28 (0.04, 2.03) | 0.206 | 0.74 (0.22, 2.46) | 0.622 |
| Upper gastrointestinal tumors | 1.25 (0.15, 10.30) | 0.833 | 1.03 (0.13, 8.44) | 0.979 |
| Other finding | 0.87 (0.11, 6.90) | 0.899 | 0.72 (0.09, 5.66) | 0.753 |
| Treatment after admission | ||||
| Interventional radiography | 1.59 (0.60, 4.23) | 0.349 | 2.40 (1.06, 5.45) | 0.037 |
| Endoscope treatment | 0.63 (0.38, 1.03) | 0.064 | 1.10 (0.73, 1.66) | 0.646 |
| RBC transfusion | 1.50 (0.99, 2.27) | 0.057 | 1.97 (1.33, 2.90) | 0.001 |
| FFP transfusion | 2.80 (1.78, 4.41) | <0.0001 | 2.34 (1.52, 3.61) | 0.000 |
| PLT transfusion | 3.24 (1.14, 9.19) | 0.027 | 3.45 (1.28, 9.25) | 0.014 |
| Emergency surgery | 0.72 (0.17, 3.11) | 0.665 | 1.32 (0.45, 3.90) | 0.615 |
| Complications in the hospital | ||||
| Thrombotic event in hospital | 3.85 (1.90, 7.78) | 0.000 | 2.71 (1.33, 5.56) | 0.006 |
| Pulmonary edema in 48 h | 6.04 (1.68, 21.79) | 0.006 | 1.81 (0.38, 8.65) | 0.455 |
SD, standard deviation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; HGB, hemoglobin; PLT, Platelet; ALB, albumin; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; INR, international normalized ratio; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; RBC: red blood cells.