Table 2.
Factors associated with computer visual syndrome.
| Variables | CVS | p* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 40) | Yes (n = 188) | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Age (years)*** | 22.5 ± 2.1 | 22.3 ± 2.8 | 0.635** | |
| Sex | 0.317 | |||
| Female | 26 (16.0) | 137 (84.1) | ||
| Male | 14 (21.5) | 51 (78.5) | ||
| Previous ocular disease | <0.001 | |||
| No | 25 (28.7) | 62 (71.3) | ||
| Yes | 15 (10.6) | 126 (89.4) | ||
| Use of lenses | <0.001 | |||
| No | 26 (30.2) | 60 (69.8) | ||
| With frame | 12 (8.9) | 123 (91.1) | ||
| Contact lenses | 2 (28.6) | 5 (71.4) | ||
| Use of preventive visual measures | 0.011 | |||
| No | 13 (31.0) | 29 (69.1) | ||
| Yes | 27 (14.5) | 159 (85.5) | ||
| Hour in the day spent using a notebook | 0.090 | |||
| ≤ 4 h | 16 (24.2) | 50 (75.8) | ||
| ≥ 4 h | 24 (14.8) | 138 (85.2) | ||
| Hour in the day spent using a smartphone | 0.830 | |||
| ≤ 4 h | 4 (16.0) | 21 (84.0) | ||
| ≥ 4 h | 36 (17.7) | 167 (82.3) | ||
| Hour in the day spent using a tablet | 0.015 | |||
| ≤ 4 h | 27 (14.6) | 158 (85.4) | ||
| ≥ 4 h | 13 (30.2) | 30 (69.8) | ||
| Hour in the day spent using a PC/Laptop | 0.517 | |||
| ≤ 4 h | 31 (16.8) | 154 (83.2) | ||
| ≥ 4 h | 9 (20.9) | 34 (79.1) | ||
| Breaks taken of technology use | 0.002 | |||
| Don‘t take breaks | 4 (11.1) | 32 (88.9) | ||
| At least every 20 min | 15 (26.3) | 42 (73.7) | ||
| Every 1 h | 10 (20.4) | 39 (79.6) | ||
| Every 2 h | 9 (32.1) | 19 (67.9) | ||
| After more than 2 h | 2 (3.5) | 56 (96.6) | ||
*p-value of categorical variables calculated with the Chi Square test.
**p-value of categorical–numerical variables calculated with the Student's t-test.
***Mean ± standard deviation.
Significant p-values (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.