Figure 9.

Potential mechanisms of Urolithin A and its analogue mediated chemosensitization of 5FUR colon cancers. 5FUR cells escape 5FU treatment and exhibit increased expression of drug transporters, EMT makers with more invasive properties. Increased expression of drug transporters results in increased drug efflux. UroA/UAS03 in combination with 5FU treatment leads to decrease in drug transporters and results decreased drug efflux and increased intracellular drug concentration. Co-treatments reduce EMT markers. UroA/UAS03 mediate chemosensitization through FOXM1-FOXO3 dependent pathway, where co-treatment leads to increase in FOXO3 and decrease FOXM1 expression.