Table 3.

Comparison of the proposed HS-SPME-GC-FID method with other methods available in the literature dedicated to the determination of the insecticides investigated in this work.

Analyte	Method	Sample	Real/Standard 1	Extraction Phase Used	LOD (µg·L−1)	RSD (%)	Extraction Time (min)	Relative Recovery	R2	Ref.
Diazinon and fenitrothion	HS-SPME-GC-FID	Apple and carrot juices	Real	Ionogel (Set3, C4C1Pip, and Set3/C4C1Pip)	0.01–0.95	2.2–7.4	60	77–114	0.9108–0.9992	[25]
Diazinon	MSPE-DLLME-GC-FID 2	Fruits, vegetables, and nectar	Real	Fe3O4@SiO2@ph	0.26	5	2 and 5	100–106	0.9988	[28]
Diazinon	CHLLE-DLLME-GC-FID 3	Fruit and vegetable juices	Standard	Di-iso-butyl amine	0.32	6	4	75–99	0.998	[29]
Diazinon, Fenitrothion	MSPE-GC-FID 4	Water and fruit juices	Real	KHA/Fe3O4	0.07–0.14	6.5–8.1	5	89.3–97.3	0.9910–0.9981	[30]
Fenitrothion, Diazinon	SPME-DLLME-GC-MS 5	Water, honey, orange, and milk	Standard	C18	0.0005–0.001	0.4–4.71	1	78–98	0.9941–0.9996	[31]
Paraoxon-ethyl	MDCG-MS-DI-SPME 6	Peach, orange, and pineapple	Real	PA 65 µm with a layer of PDMS/DVB	n.a.	0.37	60	n.a.	0.9989	[32]
Heptenophos, dimethoate, diazinon, paraoxon ethyl, fenitrothion, chlorfenvinphos, and phosalone	HS-SPME-GC-FID	Water, cucumber, and grapefruit juice	Real	Ionic liquid	0.01–0.93	4.8–10.1	70	85–118	0.9832–0.9956	This work

¹—The presented LOD values were calculated for real or standard samples (pure water) in the original articles. ²—Magnetic solid-phase extraction–dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction–gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. ³—Continuous homogenous liquid–liquid extraction–dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction–gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. ⁴—Magnetic solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. ⁵—Solid-phase extraction–dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. ⁶—Multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-direct injection-solid-phase microextraction.