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. 2022 Jul 25;14(15):3049. doi: 10.3390/nu14153049

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Mechanism of emulsifier-induced colitis via gut microbiome. Emulsifiers (1) altered the growth and functions of AIEC, resulting in the activation of inflammatory pathways in the epithelium; (2) enhanced the abundance of inflammation-related bacteria; (3) destroyed the mucosal barrier. “↑” means an increased level.