Patients with IBD treated with anti-TNFα had reduced cross-reactivity. (A) Ability of vaccinee sera to bind SARS-CoV-2 RBD from Wuhan-1 strain and variants of concern (VOCs)—beta, gamma, delta and omicron (Wuhan-1 in orange, beta in light blue, gamma in light grey, delta in dark grey and omicron in black)—as measured with ELISA, at two time points: 1 month post vaccination (visit 3, filled circles) and 6 month post vaccination (visit 4, open triangles). (B) Ability of vaccinee sera to bind SARS-CoV-2 RBD from Wuhan-1 strain and VOCs, separated to healthy controls (HCs, shown in purple), patients with IBD receiving non-TNFα treatment (non-anti-TNFα, shown in blue) and patients with IBD receiving anti-TNFα treatment (anti-TNFα, shown in red). Dotted line indicating mean O.D. value from 5 sera samples before vaccination. (C) Bar plot indicates mean and 95% CIs of fold change in sera binding ability over time for HCs, non-anti-TNFα and anti-TNFα groups, stratified by variant. Values were calculated using ELISA O.D. results, by dividing V4/V3 value, only for vaccinees with samples for both time points. (A–C) Statistical analysis was carried out using independent sample Kruskal–Wallis test. *—p < 0.0332, **—p < 0.0021, ***—p< 0.0002, ****—p < 0.0001.