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. 2022 Jul 28;12:12899. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17088-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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EGCG inhibits CoV attachment to cells. (a) Time-of-addition assay showing pre-treatment (pre), post-treatment (post) or simultaneous (sim) treatment of cells. (b) Pre-treatment of cells, or treatment of cells post-infection with HCoV-229E or HCoV-OC43, does not inhibit infection to similar extents as virion pre-treatment. Mean values with standard deviation of three independent experiments are plotted. (c) HCoV-OC43 virions were pre-treated with EGCG or heparin for 10 min at 37 °C then cooled on ice and added to pre-chilled Huh7 for 1 h on ice. (d) VSV-SARS-CoV-2 were pre-treated as described above and added to pre-chilled Huh7 or Calu-3 cells. Attached virions were quantified by RT-qPCR after washing cells with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) three times. Mean values with standard deviation from qPCR triplicates of two independent experiments are plotted. Statistical significance was assessed by Welch’s t test (***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).