Table 5.

Mean number of ED visits made by PEH in a year

Study ID	Country	Study setting and population	Sample size (N)	Mean number of ED visits per person per year	Std. Deviation	Follow-up time/study period
Holtyn et al. 2017 [17]	USA	Homeless, alcohol-dependent (met DSM-IV criteria) adults from an inpatient detoxification unit and homeless community agencies	86	4.4		26 weeks
Cheallaigh et al. 2017 [37]	Ireland	All ED visits and unscheduled admissions to one teaching hospital	2966	3		1 year
Tadros et al. 2016 (a) [15]	USA	Patients presenting to non-federal hospital ED and outpatient departments	679,854	5.8		5 years
Cheung et al. 2015 [19]	Canada	Homeless or precariously housed individuals who met criteria for a mental disorder with or without concurrent substance use dependence	3086	2.1		5 years, 6 months
Lin et al. 2015 [28]	USA	Homeless Medicaid recipients who received service from BHCHP	25,771	3.97		1 year
Mackelprang et al. 2015 [33]	USA	Patients presenting to the ED or inpatient departments of two urban teaching hospitals	1151	0.97		3 years
Tsai et al. 2013 (a) [26]	USA	Homeless veterans presenting to VA EDs	640,091	3.38	4.01	1 year
Moore et al. 2011 [45]	Australia	Patients presenting to an adult, tertiary referral hospital ED, excluding those who died during study period	6689	2.1		2 years
Ku et al. 2010 [22]	USA	Patients presenting to non-federal hospital ED and outpatient departments	550,000	0.72		2 years
Rodriguez et al. 2009 [27]	USA	Patients in the treatment areas of one urban hospital ED	191	5.8	2.2	14 weeks

BHCHP, Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program; ED, emergency department; VA, Veteran Affairs