Table 1.

Major and minor codes included in the reviewed papers

Major ethical codes	Number of reviewed papers	Minor ethical codes
Privacy	33	Privacy concerns, personal information, anonymity, privacy-impact tradeoff, sharing, privacy from snoopers, privacy from authorities, private and public actors, long-term privacy, decentralized
Security	8	Security, protection, data loss, unauthorized access, encryption, decentralized, data sharing, anonymized data, third party access, hack
Government surveillance	16	Government surveillance, surveillance creep, government, civil rights, surveillance
Acceptability	20	Acceptability, public trust, voluntariness, privacy, beneficence of data, country-wise regulation
Transparency	9	Transparency, independent monitoring, reliable use, explainability, accountability, responsible data
Voluntariness	10	Voluntary, solidarity, autonomy, compulsory, anxiety, mandatory use
Justice	10	Justice, fairness, consistency, inclusion, equality, equity, (non-)bias, (non-) discrimination, diversity, plurality, accessibility, reversibility, remedy, redress, access
Case studies	11	Social liberty, transparency, ethical and legal challenges