Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Women (n = 253) | Men (n = 462) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Categorical variables | Count | Column % | Count | Column% | |
| WHO disease severity class (acute COVID-19 severity)a | Class 3–4 | 72 | 28.5% | 67 | 14.5% |
| Class 5 | 89 | 35.2% | 166 | 35.9% | |
| Class 6 | 38 | 15.0% | 78 | 16.9% | |
| Class 7–9 | 54 | 21.3% | 151 | 32.7% | |
| Recovery cluster | Cluster 4: Mild | 38 | 15.0% | 48 | 10.4% |
| Cluster 3: Moderate | 50 | 19.8% | 58 | 12.6% | |
| Cluster 2: Severe | 31 | 12.3% | 58 | 12.6% | |
| Cluster 1: Very Severe | 66 | 26.1% | 172 | 37.2% | |
| Missing | 68 | 26.9% | 126 | 27.3% | |
| Comorbidities | No comorbidity | 71 | 28.1% | 134 | 29.0% |
| 1 comorbidity | 53 | 20.9% | 92 | 19.9% | |
| 2 + comorbidities | 129 | 51.0% | 236 | 51.1% | |
| Ethnicity | White | 175 | 69.2% | 324 | 70.4% |
| South Asian | 32 | 12.6% | 60 | 13.0% | |
| Black | 28 | 11.1% | 21 | 4.6% | |
| Other | 11 | 4.3% | 32 | 7.0% | |
| Missing | 7 | 2.8% | 23 | 5.0% | |
| IMD (quintile)b | 1 (most deprived) | 37 | 14.7% | 98 | 21.2% |
| 2 | 59 | 23.4% | 107 | 23.2% | |
| 3 | 55 | 21.8% | 72 | 15.6% | |
| 4 | 46 | 18.3% | 95 | 20.6% | |
| 5 (least deprived) | 55 | 21.8% | 90 | 19.5% | |
| Number of days where a 10-min moderate-intensity bout of physical activity was undertaken | 0 | 139 | 55.8% | 199 | 44.2% |
| 1 | 48 | 19.3% | 82 | 18.2% | |
| 2 | 28 | 11.2% | 58 | 12.9% | |
| 3 + | 34 | 13.7% | 111 | 24.7% | |
| Number of days where a 30-min bout of moderate-intensity physical activity was undertaken | 0 | 191 | 76.7% | 285 | 63.3% |
| 1 | 33 | 13.3% | 68 | 15.1% | |
| 2 | 14 | 5.6% | 45 | 10.0% | |
| 3 + | 11 | 4.4% | 52 | 11.6% | |
| Participants meeting > 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity per week | 68 | 26.9% | 172 | 37.2% | |
| Continuous variables | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age (Years) | 58 | 14 | 60 | 12 | |
| BMI (kg/m2)c | 32.2 | 7.9 | 30.4 | 6.1 | |
| Physical activity volume (mg) | 19.3 | 6.6 | 19.6 | 7.2 | |
| Time spent in moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity (minutes/day) | 14.9 | 14.8 | 21.1 | 22.3 | |
| Time spent in light intensity physical activity (minutes/day) | 149.8 | 54.9 | 138.8 | 51.4 | |
| Time spent inactive (hours/day) | 12.1 | 1.7 | 12.6 | 1.7 | |
| Intensity of the most active 10 min (mg) | 61.0 | 39.0 | 73.6 | 64.0 | |
| Intensity of the most active 30 min (mg) | 40.4 | 25.4 | 49.6 | 47.8 | |
| Total sleep time (hours/day) | 7.2 | 1.1 | 6.9 | 1.1 | |
| Sleep Efficiency (%) | 85.7 | 5.2 | 85.0 | 5.7 | |
| Variability in sleep midpoint (SD in minutes) | 120.5 | 89.5 | 113.4 | 84.9 | |
| Number of valid days | 14 | 2 | 14 | 2 | |
| Number of valid nights | 13 | 3 | 13 | 3 | |
a WHO clinical progression scale: 3–4 = no continuous supplemental oxygen needed, 5 = continuous supplemental oxygen only, 6 = continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (CPAP), bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) or high flow nasal oxygen, 7–9 = invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
b IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation
c BMI = body mass index