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. 2022 Jul 28;22:506. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04158-w

Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies

Study (author and year) Geography Data collection period Source of information Design of the study Studied population/occupation Characteristics of the study sample
Sample size† Age Female/ male n (%) Occupation
Ammerman et al., 2021 [30] USA April 03 – 04, 2020 Online survey Cross-sectional study Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) population 907 Mean (SD) 36.43 (11.02)

Male 511 (56.3);

Female 387 (42.6);

Trans-gender 4 (0.4); Preferred not to answer 5 (0.6)

 Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk)
Bergmans and Larson 2021 [22] USA March 10th—October 31st, 2020 Electronic medical records Retrospective cross-sectional study Daily ED encounters for suicide attempts and intentional self-harm to the University of Michigan Health System 1348

Mean (SD)

27.9 (14.3)

Male 533 (39.5);

Female 815 (60.5);

 NR
Carlin et al., 2021 [31] Austria March 16th—May 15th, 2020 Admission data at Trauma Resuscitation room of the Level 1 Trauma Center of the Medical University of Vienna-Austria Retrospective cross-sectional study Admissions to the level 1 Trauma Centre of the Medical University of Vienna 65

Mean (SD)

38.7 (12.2)

Male 17 (73.9);

Female 06 (26.1)

 NR
Chiba et al., 2020 [32] State of California, USA March 20th—June 30th, 2020 Trauma registry of Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center Retrospective cross-sectional study Trauma admissions to the Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center 1,202 Median (IQR) 40 (27–57)

Male 927 (77.2)

Female 275 (22.8)

 NR
Choudhury, 2020 [23] India March 24th—May 31st, 2020 Police records- Lucknow, India Retrospective cross-sectional study Suicidal deaths in Lucknow, India 59 NR

Male 33(55.9);

Female 26(44.4)

Business /self-employed 10(16.9%);

Daily wages worker 15(25.4%);

Govt. employee 3(5.0%);

Domestic help 9(15.2%);

Housewife 10(16.9%);

Farmer 4(6.7%);

Student 5(8.4%);

Health care worker 3(5.0%)
Daly et al., 2021[33] Canada May 14 – 29, 2020 Online survey Cross-sectional study Canadian adults 3000 Range 18 to 55 + 

Male 1460 (48.7);

Female 1519 (50.6);

Other 21 (0.7)

 NR
Faust et al., 2021 [24] USA January—July 2020 Health Registry of Vital Records and Statistics Cohort study Suicide death data from the Massachusetts Department of Health Registry of Vital Records and Statistics 139 Mean 48.6

Male 105 (75.5);

Female 34 (24.5)

 NR
Hill et al., 2021 [34] Texas, USA January to July 2020 Electronic health records data for suicide-risk screens of an emergency department in a major metropolitan area in Texas Cross-sectional study Youth aged 11 and older who presented to the ED within any of three connected pediatric hospitals for any presenting complaint 12,827 NR

Male 5257 (41%)

Female 7570 (59%)

 NR
Holland et al., 2021 [35] Japan December 29th, 2019—October 10th, 2020 Centres for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Syndromic Surveillance Program Cross-sectional study Patients who visited USA Emergency Departments for mental health conditions, suicide attempts, all drug overdose, opioid overdose, intimate partner violence, and child abuse and neglect 1,872,945 NR Female 1,013,585 (0.54); Male 859,360 (0.46) NR
Isumi et al., 2021 [25] Japan March–May 2020 Public data on suicide statistics compiled by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Cross-sectional study Suicidal death among children and adolescents under 20 years of age NR NR NR NR
Mitchell & Li 2021 [26] USA March 10th—May 20th, 2020 Connecticut Office of the Chief Medical Examiner Retrospective cohort study Residents in Connecticut State 74 Mean (SD) 50.8 (18.5) Male 55 (74.3); Female 19 (25.7) NR
Nomura et al., 2021 [27] Japan January—September 2020 Monthly mortality data from the National Police Agency Cross-sectional study Suicidal deaths in Japan 15,066 NR

Male 10,239 (68);

Female 4827 (32)

 NR
Ontiveros et al., 2021 [36] USA March–May, 2020 California Poison Control System database Cross-sectional study Calls received to the California Poison Control System regarding suicide attempts (suicidal ingestion) 5807 Range 12 to 70 + 

Male 2149 (37);

Female 3658 (63)

 NR
Radeloff et al., 2021 [28] German January 1st—September 30th, 2020 City of Leipzig’s cause of death statistics Cross-sectional study Data on suicide events in a major city in Germany- Saxony 53 NR NR NR
Sakamoto et al., 2021 [29] Japan January—December 2020 National data on suicide deaths compiled by the National Police Agency Cross-sectional study National data of the number of individuals who died of suicide – Japan Self-employed-1019 (6%); Emplyed-5231 (31%); Student-1576 (9.4%); Unemployed-8095 (48%); Home maker-938 (5.6%) Occupational Data missing ( 935) 17,794 Range < 30 to ≥ 70

Male 11,779 (66.2);

Female 6015 (33.8)

 NR
Sengupta et al., 2020 [37] India January 25- April 24, 2020 Inquest reports, bed head tickets, injury reports and other relevant documents. Information was gathered from the deceased’s close relatives, friends, police and other available persons Cross-sectional study Autopsies conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Cooch Behar Government Medical College and Hospital 334 Range 11 to 70 + 

Male- 60 (54.5);

Female-50 (45.5)

Farmers- 12 (10.9%)

Labourer-16 (14.6%)

Service men-5 (4.5%)

Businessmen-12 (10.9%)

Stduents-10 (9.1%)

Housewives- 34 (30.9%)

Unemployed-16 (14.6%)

Unknown-5 (4.5%)
Shrestha et al., 2021 [39] Nepal March 24—June 23, 2020 The electronic medical records of a Hospital Cross sectional study Patients presented to the ED of Dhulikhel hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital (DH-KUH) -Nepal 55 Median (95% CI) 29.7 (26.2–33.3)

Male 21 (38.2);

Female 34 (61.8)

 NR
Yeates et al., 2021 [38] USA January 1st—June 30th, 2020 Trauma Center Records Cross-sectional study Southern California trauma population 12,741 NR NR NR

†Sample size presented relevant to the data collection period mentioned in the same table, SD Standard deviation,  NR Not reported