Table 4.
Sex-related differences in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in different conditions of the central nervous system.
| MMPs | CNS Conditions | Male | Female | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MMP-1 | PD | ↓ in serum | [139] | |
| MS and neurological controls | ↑ CSF levels | [140] | ||
| MMP-3 | AD, MCI, and cognitively normal individuals | ↑ frontal cortex protein levels | [142] | |
| ↑ plasma levels | ↑ levels associated to greater cognitive decline | [141] | ||
| Epilepsy | ↑ serum levels | [143] | ||
| ICH | associated to long-term functional outcomes | [145] | ||
| MMP-9 | Ischemic stroke | ↑ serum levels in acute phase | [144] | |
| MMP-10 | ICH | Associated to long-term functional outcomes | [145] | |
| MS | ↑ CSF levels | [140] |
CNS, central nervous system; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MS, multiple sclerosis; PD, Parkinson’s disease; ↑ denotes an increase, ↓ a decrease.