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. 2022 Jul 25;23(15):8188. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158188

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Workflow of the next generation of translational cancer research: (A) 3DP of devices for 3DCC using a readily available biocompatible polymer using a fused filament deposition (FFD) printer. (B) Culturing of cancer cells using hanging drop method in 3D printed devices (Q-serts), media change and transfer of spheroid using a standard pipetting robot. (C) 3DBP of spheroids using a common 3D bioprinter and a hydrogel bioink mimicking TME. (D) Extrapolation of findings from bioprinted spheroids’ cultures into rodent models and implantation of 3D printed spheroids into rodents.