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. 2022 Jul 14;13:953160. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953160

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Copyright © 2022 Van Laethem, Bhattacharya, Craveiro, Lu, Sun and Singer

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Presence or absence of cysteines in immune receptors. (A) Cysteines can be found in the FG loops of preselection TCRs. (B) MHC-restricted TCRs that contain cysteines in their FG loops are clonally deleted because cysteines will form disulfide-bonds with free cysteines in MHC-bound peptides present in the thymus. (C) MHC-independent ligands are extra-cellular proteins that very rarely possess free cysteines that could potentially link cysteines present in FG loops of MHC-independent TCRs. MHC-independent TCRs, just like antibodies (D), do contain cysteines in their variable antigen-binding sites.