TABLE 5.
Quantitative synthesis for variability of IL outcomes in SSGs
| Study | Format | Within-session (WS) and Between-session (BS) analysis | IL (ICC and %CV) | Significant or meaningful differences between sets/ repetitions (within-session WS and between-sessions BS) | Lowest and the highest sets/repetitions (within-session) | % of change between the lowest and the highest sets/ repetitions (within-session) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [49] | 3 vs 3 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg = 0.72 HRpeak = 0.51 |
WS: not BS: NA |
ND | ND |
| [49] | 4 vs 3 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg = 0.87 HRpeak = 0.61 |
WS: not BS: NA |
ND | ND |
| [27] | 4 vs 4 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
RPE: 12.3 ± 1.5 – 14.5 ± 1.9 HRpeak: 169 ± 23.9 -174 ± 17.6 HRAvg: 157 ± 23.9 – 161 ± 19.4 %HRpeak: 87.0 ± 10.5 -88.9 ± 8.3 < 75% HRpeak: 19.6 ± 32.6 – 25.6 ± 34.5 75–84% HRpeak: 10.3 ± 8.7 -14.5 ± 10.4 85–89% HRpeak: 7.5 ± 7.8 – 10.8 ± 10.0 > 90% HRpeak: 56.0 ± 31.4 -57.0 ± 32.2 |
RPE = 17.9 HRpeak = 3.0 HRAvg = 2.5 %HRpeak = 2.2 < 75% HRpeak = 30.6 75–84% HRpeak = 40.8 85–89% HRpeak = 44.0 > 90% HRpeak = 1.8 |
| [53] | 6 vs 6 + 2 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: 12.35 ± 4.62% |
WS: yes BS: ND |
ND | TRIMP = 15.2 |
| [54] | 5 vs 5 (6 sets) | WS: yes BS: yes |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: yes |
RPE: 4.2 ± 1.5 – 6.1 ± 1.9 HRmean: 165.2 ± 12.4 – 171.6 ± 10.0 |
RPE = 45.2 HRmean = 3.9 |
| [54] | 5 vs 5 (3 sets) | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: not |
RPE: 5.0 ± 1.2 – 6.7 ± 1.6 HRmean: 168.8 ± 10.5 – 171.1 ± 10.9 |
RPE = 34 HRmean = 1.4 |
| [55] | 1 vs 1 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 171.0 ± 15.0 – 177.3 ± 11.3 %HRmax: 92.548 ± 5.3 – 94.325 ± 4.7 |
HRAvg = 3.7 %HRmax = 1.9 |
| [55] | 3 vs 3 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HR average: 172.3 ± 9.9 – 175.0 ± 7.6 %HRmax: 93.3 ± 3.4 – 94.9 ± 2.5 |
HRAvg = 1.6 %HRmax = 1.7 |
| [56] | 3 vs 3 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: Exercise intensity = 2.9 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
ND* | * |
| [56] | 4 vs 4 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: Exercise intensity = 3.4 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
ND* | * |
| [56] | 5 vs 5 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: Exercise intensity = 2.2 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
ND* | * |
| [34] | 2 vs 2 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
RPE: 6.7 ± 0.2 – 8.9 ± 0.1 %HRmax: 86.6 ± 0.6 – 93.4 ± 0.4 %HRres: 80.0 ± 3.2 – 95.1 ± 3.3 La-: 2.6 ± 0.0 – 4.6 ± 0.1 |
RPE = 32.8 %HRmax = 7.9 %HRres = 18.9 La- = 76.9 |
| [34] | 3 vs 3 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
RPE: 6.8 ± 0.7 – 8.9 ± 0.7 %HRmax: 86.9 ± 2.6 – 91.9 ± 3.0 %HRres: 79.8 ± 3.9 – 92.5 ± 3.8 La-: 2.8 ± 0.2 – 3.9 ± 0.2 |
RPE = 30.9 %HRmax = 5.8 %HRres = 15.9 La- = 2.3 |
| [34] | 4 vs 4 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
RPE: 6.9 ± 0.7 – 8.9 ± 0.8 %HRmax: 83.4 ± 2.8 – 87.9 ± 3.2 %HRres: 77.6 ± 4.3 – 88.5 ± 4.4 La-: 2.5 ± 0.2 – 3.2 ± 0.2 |
RPE = 29 %HRmax = 5.4 %HRres = 14 La- = 28 |
| [37] | 4 vs 4 free limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
RPE: 6.3 ± 0.5 – 8.2 ± 0.9 La-: 2.4 ± 0.3 – 4.5 ± 0.3 %HRmax: 82.7 ± 2.6 – 86.8 ± 2.9 %HRres: 77.2 ± 3.0 – 82.6 ± 3.8 |
RPE = 30.2 La- = 87.5 %HRres = 0.1 %HRres = 7 |
| [37] | 4 vs 4 1 touch limitation |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
RPE: 6.8 ± 0.8 – 8.9 ± 0.8 La-: 2.5 ± 0.2 – 3.5 ± 0.5 %HRmax: 85.0 ± 2.3 – 90.4 ± 2.7 %HRres: 80.1 ± 3.0 – 87.0 ± 3.3 |
RPE = 30.9 La- = 40 %HRres = 6.4 %HRres = 8.6 |
| [37] | 4 vs 4 2 touch limitation |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
RPE: 6.7 ± 0.8 – 8.9 ± 0.5 La-: 2.5 ± 0.1 – 3.2 ± 0.3 %HRmax: 83.4 ± 2.8 – 89.7 ± 3.2 %HRres: 78.0 ± 4.3 – 83.8 ± 4.4 |
RPE = 32.8 La- = 28 %HRres = 7.6 %HRres = 7.4 |
| [57] | 2 vs 2 | WS: not BS: yes |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: ND BS: ND |
ND | NA |
| [57] | 1 vs 1 | WS: not BS: yes |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: not BS: ND |
ND | NA |
| [58] | 3 vs 3 2 min set |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
%HRmax: 82.2 ± 3.7 – 82.5 ± 4.0 RPE: 6.3 ± 1.4 – 7.2 ± 1.9 |
%HRmax = 0.4 RPE = 14.3 |
| [58] | 3 vs 3 4 min set |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
%HRmax: 85.5 ± 4.5 – 86.3 ± 3.2 RPE: 6.2 ± 1.4 – 7.3 ± 1.5 |
%HRmax = 0.9 RPE = 1.3 |
| [58] | 3 vs 3 6 min set |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
%HRmax: 85.2 ± 3.6 – 86.3 ± 3.3 RPE: 6.1 ± 1.6 – 7.5 ± 1.4 |
%HRmax = 23 RPE = 7.5 |
| [16] | 2 vs 2 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: yes |
ND | NA |
| [16] | 4 vs 4 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: yes |
ND | NA |
| [59] | 2 vs 2 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: %HRmax = 3.8 La- = 26.4 RPE = 14.3 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
ND* | NA |
| [59] | 3 vs 3 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: %HRmax = 2.6 La- = 19.6 RPE = 11.4 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
ND* | NA |
| [59] | 4 vs 4 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: %HRmax = 2.7 La- = 20.5 RPE = 11.6 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
ND* | NA |
| [35] | 1 vs 1 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HR:159.6 ± 13.6 – 171.6 ± 7.5 %HRmax: 81.4 ± 6.3 – 87.6 ± 4.0 La-: 5.9 ± 1.4 – 11.0 ± 3.6 |
HR = 7.5 %HRmax = 7.6 La- = 86.4 |
| [35] | 2 vs 2 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HR: 158.4 ± 14.8 – 178.5 ± 6.5 %HRmax: 80.9 ± 7.5 – 91.2 ± 3.5 La-: 6.3 ± 2.8 – 9.5 ± 2.4 |
HR = 12.7 %HRmax = 12.7 La- = 50.8 |
| [35] | 3 vs 3 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HR: 177.0 ± 6.4 – 185.3 ± 6.6 %HRmax: 90.4 ± 3.0 – 94.6 ± 3.2 La-: 5.3 ± 1.4 – 8.4 ± 3.1 |
HR = 4.7 %HRmax = 4.6 La- = 58.5 |
| [35] | 4 vs 4 | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HR: 171.6 ± 7.4 – 182.4 ± 8.8 %HRmax: 87.6 ± 4.3 – 93.1 ± 3.6 La-: 5.0 ± 1.3 – 8.2 ± 3.2 |
HR = 6.3 %HRmax = 6.3 La- = 64 |
| [36] | GK + 4 vs 4 + GK | WS: not BS: yes |
ICC: HRmean = 0.74 HRpeak = 0.75 HR zones < 70 = -0.16; 70–80 = -0.01; 80–90 = 0.67; 90–95 = 0.19; 95–100% = 0.79 %CV: HRmean = 6.0 HRpeak = 4.2 HR zones < 70 = 81.7; 70–80 = 36.2; 80–90 = 38.3; 90–95 = 36.5; 95–100% = 128.4 |
WS: not BS: yes |
ND | NA |
| [31] | 7 vs 7 20 × 30 |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 163.3 ± 9.2 – 166 ± 10.2 | HRAvg = 1.7 |
| [31] | 7 vs 7 30 × 40 |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: ND |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 152.1 ± 11.3 – 155.1 ± 18.6 | HRAvg = 2 |
| [61] | 3 vs 3 U12 |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: HRmean = 7.99 %HRmax = 4.69 %HRres = 8.68 RPE = 9.79 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRmean: 156.17 ± 13.65 – 174.88 ± 11.79 %HRmax: 77.31 ± 3.69 – 86.59 ± 4.41 %HRres: 63.98 ± 5.49 – 78.58 ± 7.51 RPE: 6.25 ± 1.08 – 7.88 ± 1.00 |
HRmean = 12 %HRmax = 12 %HRres = 22 RPE = 26.1 |
| [61] | 3 vs 3 U14 |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: HRmean = 7.24 %HRmax = 5.75 %HRres = 12.35 RPE = 5.67 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRmean: 159.58 ± 12.90 – 172.33 ± 11.54 %HRmax: 79.66 ± 4.55 – 86.01 ± 5.36 %HRres: 66.37 ± 8.69 – 76.60 ± 9.55 RPE: 7.13 ± 0.6 8.13 ± 0.71 |
HRmean = 8 %HRmax = 8 %HRres = 15.4 RPE = 14 |
| [61] | 3 vs 3 U16 |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: ND %CV: HRmean = 8.05 %HRmax = 6.97 %HRres = 11.01 RPE = 8.94 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRmean: 161.71 ± 12.12 – 173.42 ± 13.91 %HRmax: 80.82 ± 5.0 – 86.67 ± 6.00 %HRres: 70.44 ± 7.92 – 79.67 ± 8.86 RPE: 6.63 ± 1.07 – 7.71 ± 0.69 |
HRmean = 7.2 %HRmax = 7.2 %HRres = 13.1 RPE = 16.3 |
| [62] | 3 vs 3 – free limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg = 0.89 TRIMP = 0.67 Red zone = 0.71 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 157.1 ± 7.0 – 157.7 ± 7.5 TRIMP: 3.3 ± 0.2 – 3.4 ± 0.2 Red zone: 0.6 ± 0.1 – 0.6 ± 0.1 |
HRAvg = 0.4 TRIMP = 3 Red zone = 0 |
| [62] | 3 vs 3 - 3 touch limitation |
WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg 0.94 TRIMP 0.82 Red zone 0.80 %CV: HRAvg 1.3 TRIMP 3.0 Red zone 8.2 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 156.4 ± 7.3 – 157.3 ± 7.7 TRIMP: 3.3 ± 0.2 – 3.3 ± 0.2 Red zone: 0.6 ± 0.1 – 0.6 ± 0.1 |
HRAvg = 0.6 TRIMP = 0 Red zone = 0 |
| [62] | GK + 3 vs 3 + GK – free limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg 0.96 TRIMP 0.96 Red zone 0.96 %CV: HRAvg 1.0 TRIMP 2.2 Red zone 5.8 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 159.1 ± 8.0 – 159.6 ± 7.6 TRIMP: 3.6 ± 0.4 – 3.8 ± 0.4 Red zone: 0.7 ± 0.1 – 0.7 ± 0.2 |
HRAvg = 0.3 TRIMP = 5.6 Red zone = 0 |
| [62] | GK + 3 vs 3 + GK – 3 touch | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg 0.97 TRIMP 0.86 Red zone 0.92 %CV: HRAvg 1.0 TRIMP 3.7 Red zone 7.3 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 157.4 ± 8.3 – 158.8 ± 8.3 TRIMP: 3.6 ± 0.3 – 3.7 ± 0.3 Red zone: 0.7 ± 0.1 – 0.7 ± 0.2 |
HRAvg = 0.9 TRIMP = 2.8 Red zone = 0 |
| [62] | GK + 4 vs 4 + GK Free limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg 0.65 TRIMP 0.66 Red zone 0.75 %CV: HRAvg 1.7 TRIMP 3.4 Red zone 8.5 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 160.3 ± 8.2 – 161.6 ± 5.7 TRIMP: 3.5 ± 0.3 – 3.6 ± 0.3 Red zone: 0.6 ± 0.1 – 0.6 ± 0.2 |
HRAvg = 0.8 TRIMP = 2.9 Red zone = 0 |
| [62] | GK + 4 vs 4 + GK 3 touch limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg 0.78 TRIMP 0.86 Red zone 0.88 %CV: HRAvg 1.7 TRIMP 8.5 Red zone 3.4 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 160.8 ± 7.0 -161.4 ± 6.0 TRIMP: 3.5 ± 0.3 – 3.6 ± 0.3 Red zone: 0.6 ± 0.1 – 0.6 ± 0.1 |
HRAvg = 0.4 TRIMP = 2.9 Red zone = 0 |
| [62] | 4 vs 4 – free limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg 0.94 TRIMP 0.86 Red zone 0.91 %CV: HRAvg 1.2 TRIMP 2.8 Red zone 7.5 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 157.3 ± 8.2 – 158.1 ± 8.0 TRIMP: 0.6 ± 0.1 – 0.6 ± 0.1 Red zone: 3.3 ± 0.2 – 3.4 ± 0.2 |
HRAvg = 0.5 TRIMP = 0 Red zone = 3 |
| [62] | 4 vs 4 – 3 touch limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg 0.96 TRIMP 0.84 Red zone 0.96 %CV: HRAvg 0.9 TRIMP 3.2 Red zone 5.7 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 158.3 ± 7.6 – 158.5 ± 7.2 TRIMP: 3.5 ± 0.3 – 3.5 ± 0.3 Red zone: 0.6 ± 0.2 – 0.6 ± 0.1 |
HRAvg = 0.1 TRIMP = 0 Red zone = 0 |
| [62] | GK + 6 vs 6 + GK – free limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg 0.93 TRIMP 0.92 Red zone 0.85 %CV: HRAvg 1.4 TRIMP 2.2 Red zone 8.4 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 159.4 ± 7.0 – 161.6 ± 7.6 TRIMP: 3.7 ± 0.4 – 3.6 ± 0.4 Red zone: 0.6 ± 0.2 – 0.7 ± 0.2 |
HRAvg = 1.4 TRIMP = 2.7 Red zone = 16.7 |
| [62] | GK + 6 vs 6 + GK – 3 touch limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
HRAvg 0.93 TRIMP 0.93 Red zone 0.97 %CV: HRAvg 1.0 TRIMP 2.0 Red zone 3.8 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 158.8 ± 7.4 – 159.5 ± 7.2 TRIMP: 3.6 ± 0.3 – 3.7 ± 0.3 Red zone: 0.6 ± 0.1 – 0.7 ± 0.1 |
HRAvg = 0.4 TRIMP = 2.8 Red zone = 16.7 |
| [62] | 6 vs 6 – free limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg 0.83 TRIMP 0.77 Red zone 0.78 %CV: HRAvg 1.7 TRIMP 4.9 Red zone 6.4 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 163.8 ± 7.1 – 164.1 ± 6.9 TRIMP: 3.8 ± 0.3 – 3.9 ± 0.3 Red zone: 0.7 ± 0.1 – 0.8 ± 0.1 |
HRAvg = 0.2 TRIMP = 2.6 Red zone = 14.3 |
| [62] | 6 vs 6 – 3 touch limitation | WS: yes BS: not |
ICC: HRAvg 0.88 TRIMP 0.82 Red zone 0.92 %CV: HRAvg 1.6 TRIMP 3.0 Red zone 5.4 |
WS: yes BS: NA |
HRAvg: 164.0 ± 6.6–164.4 ± 6.1 TRIMP: 3.9 ± 0.3 – 3.9 ± 0.3 Red zone: 0.7 ± 0.1 – 0.7 ± 0.1 |
HRAvg = 0.2 TRIMP = 0 Red zone = 0 |
IL: internal load; ICC: intra-class correlation; %CV: percentage of coefficient of variation; ND: non-described; NA: non-applicable. RPE: rated perceived exertion; HR: heart rate; Avg: average; HRres: heart rate reserve; HRmax: heart rate maximum; La-: lactate; red zone: > 80% of maximal HR;
*
: non-extractable data.