. 2021 Jul 3;39(3):505–513. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.107020

TABLE III.

Changes in the performance variables obtained during pre- inter- and post strength training intervention.

Jump height	CG (n = 8)				MG (n = 8)				FG (n = 8)
Jump height	ES (95% CI)	Change (%)		Descriptor	ES (95% CI)	Change (%)		Descriptor	ES (95% CI)		Change (%)	Descriptor
CMJ (cm) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	0.16 (-0.91 – 1.23) -0.28 (-1.36 – 0.79) -0.52 (-1.61 – 0.57)	0.6 -0.9 -1.5		Trivial Small Small	1.05 (-0.09 – 2.20)^* 1.06 (-0.08 – 2.21)^* -0.16 (-1.24 – 0.91)	9.8 9.1 -0.6		Moderate Moderate Trivial	1.34 (0.15 – 2.52)^* 1.29 (0.11 – 2.47)^* -0.2 (-1.28 – 0.88)	10.6 9.7 -0.8		Large Large Small

Speed
Sprint 5 m (s) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	-1.78 (-3.05 – -0.51) 0.71 (-0.40 – 1.81) 1.03 (-0.11 – 2.18)^*	-1.9 3.8 5.8	Large Moderate Moderate		-1.58 (-2.81 – -0.35)^* -0.69 (-1.79 – 0.42)^* -0.02 (-1.09 – 1.05)		-5.3 -5.3 0	Large Moderate Trivial	-0.63 (-1.73 – 0.47) 0.4 (-0.68 – 1.48) 1.12 (-0.03 – 2.27)^*	-3.6 1.8 5.6			Moderate Small Moderate

Sprint 10 m (s) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	-2.07 (-3.4 – -0.74) 0.32 (-0.76 – 1.39) 1.20 (0.03 – 2.36)	-1.1 0.5 1.6	Very large Small Large		-1.01 (-2.15 – 0.13)^* -0.79 (-1.9 – 0.33)^* -0.01 (-1.09 – 1.06)		-2.6 -2.6 0	Moderate Moderate Trivial	-0.79 (-1.90 – 0.32)^* 0.37 (-0.71 – 1.45) 2.41 (1.0 – 3.82)^*	-2.7 1.6 4.4			Moderate Small Very large

Sprint 15 m (s) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	-1.21 (-2.38 – -0.04) -0.10 (-1.17 – 0.97) 0.12 (-0.95 – 1.20)	-1.2 -0.8 -0.4	Large Trivial Trivial		-1.23 (-2.4 – -0.06) -0.75 (-1.86 – 0.36) 0.58 (-0.51 – 1.67)		-2.9 -1.5 0.8	Large Moderate Small	-0.61 (-1.70 – 0.49) 0.23 (-0.85 – 1.31) 1.03 (-0.11 – 2.17)	-1.6 0.8 2.4			Moderate Small Moderate

Agility
5-0-5 Right (s) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	-1.02 (-2.16 – 0.12) 2.21 (0.85 – 3.57)^* 2.57 (1.12 – 4.02)^*	-0.7 3.6 4.3	Moderate Very large Very large		-2.02 (-3.34 – -0.7)^* -1.04 (-2.19 – 0.10)^* 0.49 (-0.60 – 1.57)		-4.7 -3.3 1.5	Very large Moderate Small	-0.86 (-1.98 – 0.26)^* 0.13 (-0.95 – 1.20) 1.4 (0.20 – 2.60)^*	-3.3 0.37 3.8			Moderate Trivial Large

5-0-5 Left (s) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	-0.61 (-1.71 – 0.49) 0.54 (-0.55 – 1.63) 0.72 (-0.39 – 1.82)	-0.7 1.8 2.5	Moderate Small Moderate		-0.88 (-2.01 – 0.24)^* -1.07 (-2.21 – 0.08)^* -0.34 (-1.42 – 0.74)		-2.9 -4.0 -1.1	Moderate Moderate Small	-0.84 (-1.96 – 0.27)^* -0.16 (-1.24 – 0.91) 1.5 (0.28 – 2.71)^*	-3.0 -0.4 2.7			Moderate Trivial Large

SV
Right (km·h^-1) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	0.33 (-0.75 – 1.41) -0.06 (-1.14 – 1.01) -0.54 (-1.63 – 0.56)	1.3 -0.4 -1.7	Small Trivial Small		-0.3 (-1.38 – 0.78) 0.26 (-0.82 – 1.34) 0.51 (-0.58 – 1.60)		-1.3 1.8 3.2	Small Small Small	-0.38 (-1.47 – 0.70) 0.32 (-0.76 – 1.40) 0.65 (-0.45 – 1.75)	-1.2 2.5 3.7			Small Small Moderate

Left (km·h^-1) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	-0.17 (-1.24 – 0.90) -0.21 (-1.29 – 0.86) -0.04 (-1.11 – 1.03)	-1.1 -1.3 -0.2	Trivial Small Trivial		-0.13 (-1.2 – 0.95) 0.22 (-0.85 – 1.30) 0.47 (-0.61 – 1.56)		-0.5 1.1 1.5	Trivial Small Small	-0.35 (-1.43 – 0.73) -0.14 (-1.22 – 0.93) -0.01 (-1.08 – 1.06)	-1.0 -1.1 -0.1			Small Trivial Trivial

MBT
Overhead (km·h^-1) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	0.33 (-0.75 – 1.41) 0.83 (-0.28 – 1.95) 0.79 (-0.32 – 1.91)	1.1 3.2 2.1	Small Moderate Moderate		-0.05 (-1.12 – 1.02) 1.84 (0.56 – 3.12)^* 2.34 (0.95 – 3.73)^*		-0.4 15.3 15.8	Trivial Large Very large	0.79 (-0.32 – 1.91) 1.86 (0.58 – 3.15) 0.96 (-0.17 – 2.09)	4.2 10.0 5.7			Moderate Large Moderate

Forehand (km·h^-1) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	1.14 (-0.01 – 2.3) 1.25 (0.08 – 2.42) 0.48 (-0.61 – 1.56)	2.1 3.5 1.4	Moderate Large Small		-0.05 (-1.12 – 1.03) 0.70 (-0.41 – 1.80)^* 1.22 (0.05 – 2.38)^*		-0.3 6.0 6.3	Trivial Moderate Large	0.82 (-0.30 – 1.93)^* 1.57 (0.35 – 2.80)^* 0.79 (-0.32 – 1.90)	6.1 9.6 3.2			Moderate Large Moderate

Backhand (km·h^-1) Inter – Pre Post – Pre Post – Inter	1.14 (-0.01 – 2.3) 1.77 (0.50 – 3.03) 0.69 (-0.42 – 1.79)	2.2 3.7 1.5	Moderate Large Moderate		-0.33 (-1.41 – 0.75) 1.09 (-0.06 – 2.24)^* 1.03 (-0.11 – 2.17)^*		-1.0 5.4 6.5	Small Moderate Moderate	(-0.97 – 1.18) 0.74 (-0.37 – 1.84)^* 0.85 (-0.27 – 1.97)^*	0.3 4.8 4.5			Trivial Moderate Moderate

CG = control group; MG = machine-based group; FG = flywheel group; ES = effect size; CI = confidence intervals; CMJ = countermovement jump; SV = serve velocity; MBT = medicine ball throws;

p < 0.05 within group differences. Magnitudes of ESs were assessed using the following criteria: < 0.2 = trivial, 0.2–0.6 = small, 0.6–1.2 = moderate, 1.2–2.0 = large, > 2.0 = very large.