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. 2021 Jul 15;39(3):537–545. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.106390

TABLE 4.

Lower-limb performance in experimental and control groups before and after the 10-week intervention.

Experimental group (n = 17) Control group (n = 17) ANOVA group x time interaction

Pre Post %Δ change Paired t test
Pre Post %Δ change Paired t test
p
Cohen d
p d (Cohen) p d (Cohen)
Sprint
5m (s) 1.28 ± 0.05 1.16 ± 0.05 9.8 ± 1.9 p< 0.001 2.50 1.28 ± 0.06 1.19 ± 0.03 6.8 ± 4.5 p< 0.001 1.97 0.174 0.39
10m (s) 2.24 ± 0.05 2.09 ± 0.05 6.9 ± 1 p< 0.001 3.12 2.24 ± 0.06 2.12 ± 0.04 5.2 ± 2.6 p< 0.001 2.45 0.200 0.37
20m (s) 3.76 ± 0.10 3.36 ± 0.09 10.6 ± 1.1 p< 0.001 4.38 3.75 ± 0.05 3.53 ± 0.07 5.8 ± 2.5 p< 0.001 3.76 0.001 1.07
30m (s) 5.38 ± 0.10 4.99 ± 0.08 7.2 ± 1.2 p< 0.001 4.48 5.54 ± 0.05 5.40 ± 0.09 2.5 ± 1.6 p< 0.001 2.00 p< 0.001 1.56

Change of direction
Illinois-MT 13.14 ± 0.22 12.41 ± 0.20 5.6 ± 0.3 p< 0.001 3.61 13.17 ± 0.37 12.73 ± 0.11 3.3 ± 2.3 p< 0.001 1.68 0.034 0.62
Jump
SJ (cm) 22.4 ± 1.6 26.2 ± 1.3 17.3 ± 6.1 p< 0.001 -2.71 22.7 ± 2.4 24.4 ± 1.9 8 ± 5.8 p< 0.001 -0.82 0.048 0.58
CMJ (cm) 23.4 ± 1.6 27.5 ± 2 17.7 ± 2.7 p< 0.001 -2.36 23.9 ± 2.2 25.3 ± 2 6.1 ± 6.2 0.002 -0.69 0.017 0.71
CMJA (cm) 24.7 ± 1.6 28.7 ± 1.8 16.3 ± 2.7 p< 0.001 -2.44 25.2 ± 2.3 26.6 ± 1.8 6.2 ± 8.1 0.011 -0.71 0.019 0.69
5JT (m) 7.9 ± 0.9 8.4 ± 0.9 (8.30) a 7.5 ± 4.6 p< 0.001 -0.58 8.1 ± 1.6 8.4 ± 1.5 (8.50) a 4.5 ± 3.2 p< 0.001 -0.20 0.300 0.30

RSTT
RSTT-BT (s) 12.60 ± 0.19 12.10 ± 0.22 4 ± 0.8 p< 0.001 2.53 12.63 ± 0.18 12.37 ± 0.13 2.1 ± 0.6 p< 0.001 1.72 0.025 0.66
RSTT-MT (s) 12.92 ± 0.18 12.36 ± 0.24 4.3 ± 0.8 p< 0.001 2.75 12.92 ± 0.18 12.66 ± 0.13 2.1 ± 0.6 p< 0.001 1.72 0.019 0.69
RSTT-TT (s) 90.42 ± 1.27 86.51 ± 1.65 4.3 ± 0.8 p< 0.001 2.76 90.5 ± 1.25 88.6 ± 0.88 2.1 ± 0.6 p< 0.001 1.83 0.019 0.69
RSTT-FI (%) 2.49 ± 0.42 (2.46) a 2.13 ± 0.81 14.3 ± 29.9 0.107 0.58 2.30 ± 0.03 2.35 ± 0.02 2.2 ± 0.7 p< 0.001 -2.04 0.107 0.47

Y Balance test
Right support leg
RL/L (cm) 74 ± 7 80 ± 5 8 ± 7.7 0.001 -1.03 75 ± 8 82 ± 8 9.1 ± 7.6 p< 0.001 -0.91 0.794 0.06
RL/B (cm) 85 ± 8 94 ± 8 10.7 ± 4.8 p< 0.001 -1.17 89 ± 8 94 ± 8 5 ± 2.5 p< 0.001 -0.65 0.314 0.29
RL/R (cm) 46 ± 10 51 ± 9 13.2 ± 10.8 p< 0.001 -0.55 50 ± 8 56 ± 6 14.3 ± 20.9 0.007 -0.88 0.895 0.06

Left support leg
LL/R (cm) 78 ± 10 84 ± 9 8.3 ± 4.8 p< 0.001 -0.66 80 ± 8 86 ± 6 8.2 ± 10.8 0.007 -0.88 0.961 0.06
LL/B (cm) 96 ± 9 101 ± 9 5.3 ± 4 p< 0.001 -0.58 95 ± 8 99 ± 7 3.9 ± 2.9 p< 0.001 -0.55 0.761 0.08
LL/L (cm) 46 ± 9 52 ± 8 15.7 ± 13.3 p< 0.001 -0.73 45 ± 8 49 ± 8 10.1 ± 8 p< 0.001 -0.52 0.612 0.14

Stork balance test
RL (s) 2.67 ± 1.20 (2.48) a 3.92 ± 1.40 56.6 ± 40.1 p< 0.001 -1.00 2.72 ± 1.30 (1.98) a 3.95 ± 2.04 53 ± 51.4 0.015 -0.75 0.987 0.000
LL (s) 2.71 ± 1.47 3.36 ± 1.71 42.7 ± 66.2 0.111 -0.42 2.46 ± 1.37 3.29 ± 1.48 48.2 ± 59.3 0.090 -0.61 0.823 0.001

Values are mean ± SD. Abbreviations: a Median reported for rightward skewing data; Illinois-MT = Illinois modified test; SJ = squat jump; CMJ = countermovement jump; CMJA = countermovement jump with arms; 5JT = 5 jump test; RSTT = repeated sprint T-test; BT = best time; MT = mean time; TT = total time; FI = fatigue index; RL = right leg; L = left; R = right; B = background; LL = left leg.