TABLE 1.
Habitual sleep characteristics of elite female athletes using methods other than actigraphy
| Study | Female athlete n | Nights | Mean values ± SD |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TST, h | SE, % | SOL, min | Bedtime, hh:mm | Wake time, hh:mm | |||
| Sleep diary | |||||||
| Brunkhorst, Kielstein [27] | 11 | NA | 10.3 ± 0.7 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Hill et al. [36] | 7 | 7 | 6.9 ± 0.5 | NA | NA | 00:00 ± 00:25 | NR |
|
| |||||||
| Polysomnography | |||||||
| Kinsman et al. [71] | 2 | 4 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Silva et al. [41] | 60 | 1 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 89.8 ± 6.5 | 22.2 ± 23.6 | NR | NR |
| Taylor et al. [57] | 7 | 1 | 7.5 ± 0.5 | NR | 19.3 ± 3.5 | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||
| Questionnaire | |||||||
| Hoshikawa et al. [33] | 368 | NA | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Koikawa et al. [31] | 30 | NA | 7.1 ± 1.2 | 91.6 ± 8.0 | NR | NR | NR |
| Mah et al. [32] | 285 | NA | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Swinbourne et al. [35] | 23 | NA | 7.1 ± 1.1 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
NA not applicable, NR not reported, SD standard deviation, SE sleep efficiency, SOL sleep onset latency, TST total sleep time, all results presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD)