TABLE 3.

Changes to sleep for elite female athletes pre- and post-competition

Study	Female athlete n	Sport, Competition	Sleep disturbance	TST	SE
Pre-competition
Brandt et al. [47]	172	Multi-sport, First day	4.7%	NA	NA
Erlacher et al. [45]	253	Multi-sport, Important	67.9%	NA	NA
Juliff et al. [46]	157	Multi-sport, Olympics	65.9%	NA	NA
Obmiński, Mroczko [53]	5	Judo, Championships	NA	NA	NA
Romyn et al. [30]	8	Netball, Championship	NA	NA	↑*
Staunton et al. [48]	17	Basketball, WNBL	NA	↑**	⟷
Silva, Pavia [42]	67	Gymnastics, World Cup	77.6%	NA	NA
Silva, Pavia [43]	67	Gymnastics, World Cup	78.0%	NA	NA
Swinbourne et al. [35]	23	Rugby 7s and cricket	NA	NA	NA
Post-competition
Biggins et al. [29]	20	Soccer, University Games	~ 26%	NA	NA
Juliff et al. [46]	157	Multi-sport, Olympics	NR	NA	NA
Staunton et al. [48]	17	Basketball, WNBL	NA	↓**	⟷
Obmiński, Mroczko [53]	5	Judo, Championships	NA	NR	NA
Juliff et al. [38]	42	Netball, Championships	NA	↓*	NR
Juliff et al. [52]	12	Netball, International game	NA	↓*	↓**
O’Donnell et al. [44]	11	Netball, In-season	NA	↓*, ↓*	↓, ⟷
O’Donnell et al. [51]	10	Netball, In-season	NA	↓**	↓*
Thomas et al. [50]	10	Soccer, In-season	NA	↓**	↓

NA not applicable, NR not reported, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SE sleep efficiency, TST total sleep time, WNBL Women’s National Basketball League, results presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or prevalence (%), ↑ increase, ↓ decrease, ⟷ no change

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01