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. 2022 Jul 25;27(15):4756. doi: 10.3390/molecules27154756

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Analytical scheme for identifying peptide biomarkers in deer antlers. (Adapted from “Snapshot Metabolomics”, by BioRender.com (2022). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates (accessed on 25 May 2022)). (A) Deer antlers were denatured by guanidine hydrochloride and enzymatic hydrolysis by trypsin. (B) Analysis of relative deer antler enzymatic hydrolysate was conducted by Nano LC-Orbitrap MS. (C) Mass spectrometry data were used in the PEAKS software for analysis, followed by de novo sequencing of peptides, alignment in the database, and generation of peptides biomarkers. (D) HPLC-Triple Quadrupole MS analyzed seven species of deer antler enzymatic products in MRM mode. (E) Purified peptide biomarkers were obtained by chemical synthesis. (F) HPLC-Triple Quadrupole MS was used to confirm the sequence of peptide biomarkers.