. 2022 Jul 25;9(8):380. doi: 10.3390/vetsci9080380

Table 1.

Selected gut bacteria of reported animals and their antibacterial properties.

Animal		Bacteria	Efficacy against Test Organisms	Molecules with Previously Reported Antibacterial Activity
Class	Scientific Name	Bacteria	Efficacy against Test Organisms	Molecules with Previously Reported Antibacterial Activity
Fish	Hypselo barbuskolus (koora), Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia), Punitus melanampyx (kudukonda), Channa murulius (cherumeen) & Nemacheilus menoni (ayira)	Bacillus sp. PRV3 & Bacillus sp. PRV23	Escherichia coli, Klebshiella, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, & Vibrio chlorae [48,49].	Neopentyl Glycol, Hentriacontane, Phenol, 2,4-Bis(1,1-Dimethylethyl, Heptacosane & Methyl 3-(1-Pyrrolo)Thiophene-2 [48,49].
	Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia)	Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus auricularis, G-pos-bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, & G-neg-bacilli	Escherichia coli K1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes & Escherichia coli K-12 [50].
	Leporinus sp.	Bacillus licheniformis strain P40	B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, & Streptococcus spp. [51].
	Mugil cephalus (mullet fish)	Lactobacillus sp. lactic acid bacteria (LBA)		18kDa bacteriocin (further characterization is needed) [52].
	Huso (beluga) & Acipenser persicus (persian sturgeon)	Listeria monocytogenes & Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium	Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, & Bacillus cereus [52].	5 & 3 kDa bacteriocins [52].
	Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mirigala & Cyprinus carpio		Aeromonas hydrophila [53].
	Schizothorax zarudnyi & Schizocypris altidorsalis	Actinobacteria	Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis, Micromonospora & Saccharomonospora species [54].
Reptile	Malayopython reticulatus (python)	Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter braakii, Proteus mirabilis, & Escherichia fergusonii	Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes [49].
	Cuora amboinensis (turtle)	Enterobacter cloacae, Aeromonas hydrophila, & Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli K1, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica & Klebsiella pneumoniae [55].
	Varanus salvator (water monitor lizard)	P. mirabilis, A. hydrophila, C. freundii, E. coli, Staphylococcus sp. & S. aureus	Bacillus cereus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Serratia marcescens, & Klebsiella pneumoniae [56].	Flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, oxygenated fatty acids, hydroxylated fatty acids, & pyrazine derivative [56].
Bird	Pavo cristatus (peacock)	Enterococcus faecium KQ 2.6	Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, S. pyogenes, S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. faecalis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Salmonella paratyphi, Candida albicans & Aspergillus niger [57].
Bird	Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken)	Escherichia fergusonii, Shigella flexneri, B. cereus, & E. faecalis	E. coli K1, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa & methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [49].
Amphibian	Lithobates catesbeianus (American bull frog)	Proteus mirabilis & Proteus vulgaris	E. coli K1, P. aeruginosa, S. pyogenes & methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [49].
Invertebrate	Scolopendra subspinipes (red-headed centipede)	Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Kluyvera georgiana, P. aeruginosa, & Bacillus proteolyticus	E. coli K1, P. aeruginosa, S. pyogenes & methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [50].
	Grammostola rosea (rose hair tarantula)	S. aureus, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, & G-neg-bacilli	E. coli K1, P. aeruginosa, S. pyogenes & methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [50].
	Scylla serrata (mud crab)	K. pneumoniae, Proteus alimentorum, & P. vulgaris	E. coli K1, P. aeruginosa, S. pyogenes & methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [50].
	Gromphadorhina portentosa (Madagascar cockroach)	S. marcescens & E. coli	B. cereus, S. pyogenes & methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [58].
	Blaptica dubia (Dubia cockroach)	Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Klebsiella sp., & Streptococcus sp.	B. cereus, S. pyogenes & methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [58].