Table 1.

The parameters of malaria model in (1). Some parameter values are taken from parameter estimation results in Section 2.2 and the rest are from assumptions.

Symbols	Biological Definitions	Papua	West Papua	Sources
${\mathrm{\Pi }}_h$	Natural birth rate of humans	$\frac{3,435,430}{71.5\times 12}$	$\frac{981,822}{71.5\times 12}$	[32,33,34]
${\mathrm{\Pi }}_v$	Natural birth rate of mosquitos	$\frac{2\times 3,435,430}{\frac{21}{30}}$	$\frac{2\times 981,822}{\frac{21}{30}}$	[32,33,35]
b	The average number of mosquitoes bite per unit time	$9.07523$	$5.94285$	estimated
$\overline{{\beta }_{h1}}$	The successful transmission rate of susceptible humans per bite	$0.89999$	$0.87753$	estimated
$\overline{{\beta }_{h2}}$	The successful transmission rate of susceptible humans who receive pre-erythrocytic vaccine per bite	$0.42299$	$0.41244$	estimated
${\beta }_{h1}=\frac{b\overline{{\beta }_{h1}}}{N}$	Average infection rate to humans per unit time per mosquito	$2.37749\times {10}^{-6}$	$5.31162\times {10}^{-6}$	estimated
${\beta }_{h2}=\frac{b\overline{{\beta }_{h2}}}{N}$	Average infection rate to humans who receive pre-erythrocytic vaccine per unit time per mosquito	$1.11742\times {10}^{-6}$	$2.49646\times {10}^{-6}$	estimated
$\overline{{\beta }_v}$	Average of successful transmission rate of susceptible mosquitos per bite	$0.00572$	$0.01054$	estimated
${\beta }_v=\frac{b\overline{{\beta }_v}}{N}$	Average infection rate to mosquitos per unit time per human	$1.51190\times {10}^{-8}$	$6.38376\times {10}^{-8}$	estimated
$\kappa$	Waning rate of temporal immunity from recovered carriers	$0.33333$	$0.33333$	estimated
$\vartheta$	Waning rate of temporal immunity from fully recovered class	$0.05555$	$0.05555$	estimated
$u_1$	Vaccination rate with pre-erythrocytic vaccine	$0.001$	$0.001$	assumption
$u_2$	Rate of treatment with transmission-blocking drugs	$0.499999$	$0.499997$	estimated
$1-\xi$	pre-erythrocytic vaccine efficacy level	$0.53$	$0.53$	[36]
$\alpha$	Waning rate of vaccine efficacy	$\frac{1}{6}$	$\frac{1}{6}$	[37]
${\delta }_1$	Progression rate from exposed without vaccine class	$6.08333$	$6.08333$	estimated
${\delta }_2$	Progression rate from exposed with vaccine class	2	2	[36,38]
${\gamma }_1$	Natural recovery rate of infected humans by immune response	$0.19999$	$0.19999$	estimated
${\gamma }_2^{-1}$	Duration of treatment with transmission-blocking drugs	$\frac{1}{1.08631}$	$\frac{1}{1.08631}$	estimated
p	Proportion of people in treatment who managed to get protection	$0.59999$	$0.59964$	estimated
q	Proportion of people in treatment who fail to receive protection and then recover naturally	$0.29999$	$0.29994$	estimated
$1-p-q$	Proportion of people in treatment who fail to receive protection and then return to the infected class	$0.100000004$	$0.10040$	estimated
${\zeta }_{e1}$	Correction factor for infection rate in mosquitoes by exposed humans	$0.04999$	$0.04999$	estimated
${\zeta }_{e2}$	Correction factor for infection rate in mosquitoes by exposed humans with vaccine	$0.03999$	$0.03999$	assumption
${\zeta }_r$	Correction factor for infection rate in mosquitoes by recovered humans but carrier	$0.06$	$0.06$	estimated
${\zeta }_t$	Correction factor for infection rate in mosquitoes by humans in treatment	$0.08$	$0.08$	estimated
${\mu }_h$	Natural death rate of humans	$\frac{1}{71.5\times 12}$	$\frac{1}{71.5\times 12}$	[34]
${\mu }_v$	Natural death rate of mosquitos	$\frac{30}{21}$	$\frac{30}{21}$	[35]