Figure 9.

Schematic representation of the experimental design. Female non-transgenic (NoTg) or Alzheimer’s disease triple-transgenic (3xTg) mice constituted F0. F0 received water (Ctrl) or an antibiotics treatment (Abx) from postnatal day (PD) 90; one month later they were placed mated. Antibiotic treatment or water only continued during gestation and lactation. Weaning of F1 offspring occurred at PD30. F1 males received the same treatment as F0 but from gestational day (GD) 18–19 to PD150. Body weights were measured during this time. Fluid consumption was measured during the first 30 days of treatment. The novel object localization (NOL) task was performed on PD150. NOL consists of three sessions: habituation, training, and retention tests. After the NOL task, the mice were immediately euthanized, and their brains were processed for β-amyloid and Tau immunohistochemistry analysis in the HIP. Fecal samples were collected in F0 at GD18–19, in F1 at PD30 and PD150 for 16S rDNA gene sequencing analyses of bacterial gut microbiota (BGM).