Table 3.

Effects of olive pomace oil (OPO), high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and sunflower oil (SO) on endothelial function biomarkers.

(%)	Normocholesterolemic			Hypercholesterolemic			p Value
	OPO n = 65	HOSO n = 34	SO n = 31	OPO n = 67	HOSO n = 30	SO n = 37	Oil	N/H	Oil × N/H
eNOS	36.8 ± 15.9	10.0 ± 23.7	−6.7 ± 8.9	21.1 ± 12.1	37.5 ± 16.5	−4.8 ± 11.9	0.100	0.430	0.298
E-selectin	6.3 ± 9.9	−32.7 ± 11.4	14.4 ± 12.3	−1.0 ± 7.8	−2.0 ± 16.8	16.5 ± 18.7	0.789	0.907	0.378
P-selectin	9.2 ± 5.6	20.6 ± 11.2	6.9 ± 5.1	4.1 ± 5.2	22.0 ± 11.2	2.9 ± 3.6	0.726	0.559	0.997
ICAM-1	−0.8 ± 3.4	2.1 ± 3.6	−1.8 ± 4.4	8.4 ± 5.6	−1.3 ± 6.9	−1.9 ± 5.2	0.241	0.513	0.351
VCAM-1	4.5 ± 4.3	6.8 ± 6.9	10.5 ± 8.2	18.0 ± 6.5	0.3 ± 9.9	6.1 ± 9.4	0.627	0.802	0.158

Values represent mean ± standard error of mean. The rate of change was calculated from [(post-treatment value − pre-treatment value)/pre-treatment value] and expressed as percentage. A linear mixed model was used for data analysis. p-value in the first column represents the treatment effect (OPO, HOSO or SO), in the second column the group effect [normocholesterolemic (N) and hypercholesterolemic (H)], and in the last column the interaction of treatment and group. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase. E-selectin: endothelial selectin. P-selectin: platelet selectin. ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule 1. VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.