Table 5.
Effects of olive pomace oil (OPO), high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and sunflower oil (SO) on oxidation and antioxidant biomarkers.
| (%) | Normocholesterolemic | Hypercholesterolemic | p Value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPO n = 65 |
HOSO n = 34 |
SO n = 31 |
OPO n = 67 |
HOSO n = 30 |
SO n = 37 |
Oil | N/H | Oil × N/H | |
| ABTS (µM TE) | 11.4 ± 5.8 | 7.2 ± 3.5 | 7.6 ± 6.3 | 2.1± 3.4 | 8.0 ± 2.6 | 2.4 ± 3.8 | 0.284 | 0.987 | 0.263 |
| ORAC (µM TE) | 3.7 ± 3.0 | 1.1 ± 6.0 | −0.8 ± 3.6 | 2.9 ± 3.3 | 18.8 ± 10.7 | 1.4 ± 3.6 | 0.233 | 0.210 | 0.321 |
| FRAP (µM TE) | 4.0 ± 1.7 | 7.6 ± 3.4 | 2.7 ± 2.6 | 2.1 ± 1.8 | 1.5 ± 2.8 | −2.6 ± 1.6 | 0.276 | 0.018 | 0.469 |
| oxLDL (ng/mL) | 15.0 ± 7.8 | 10.5 ± 9.4 | 1.5 ± 7.6 | 5.5 ± 9.7 | 16.4 ± 11.3 | 2.5 ± 5.1 | 0.418 | 0.746 | 0.478 |
| MDA (nmol/mL) | −4.4 ± 2.2 a | 3.1 ± 3.2 b | 0.7 ± 2.9 ab | 0.1 ± 2.0 | −8.4 ± 4.7 | −1.4 ± 2.9 | 0.739 | 0.140 | 0.004 |
Values represent mean ± standard error of mean. The rate of change was calculated from [(post-treatment value − pre-treatment value)/pre-treatment value] and expressed as percentage. A linear mixed model was used for data analysis. p-value in the first column represents the treatment effect (OPO, HOSO or SO), in the second column the group effect [normocholesterolemic (N) and hypercholesterolemic (H)], and in the last column the interaction of treatment and group. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. ABTS: free radical 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-scavenging capacity. ORAC: oxygen radical absorbance capacity. FRAP: ferric reducing/antioxidant power. MDA: malondialdehyde. TE: Trolox equivalents. OxLDL: Oxidised low density lipoprotein. Superscripts correspond to significant differences within the normocholesterolemic (N) or hypercholesterolemic (H) group according to the Bonferroni test.