. 2022 Jul 14;9:917659. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917659

TABLE 4.

Mean levels (in mM ± standard deviation) of fatty acids and derivatives in human milk from term deliveries sampled weeks 1–2, 3–5, 7–9, and 20–25 postpartum.

Fatty acids and derivatives	Week 1-2 (mM ± SD)	Week 3-5 (mM ± SD)	Week 7-9 (mM ± SD)	Week 20-25 (mM ± SD)
Acetate	0.02 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.10	0.01 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.01
Butyrate	0.01^a ± 0.02	0.04^b ± 0.04	0.08^b ± 0.09	0.18^c ± 0.17
Caprate	0.06^a ± 0.06	0.09^ab ± 0.08	0.09^ab ± 0.06	0.12^b ± 0.06
Caprylate	0.08^a ± 0.08	0.13^ab ± 0.11	0.15^bc ± 0.12	0.25^c ± 0.17
Choline	0.14^a ± 0.07	0.13^a ± 0.09	0.16^a ± 0.11	0.23^b ± 0.08
Ethanolamine	0.08^a ± 0.02	0.07^a ± 0.02	0.06^b ± 0.02	0.06^b ± 0.02
O-phosphocholine	0.67^a ± 0.20	0.60^a ± 0.21	0.50^b ± 0.18	0.31^c ± 0.15
Sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine^*	0.49 ± 0.23	0.49 ± 0.23	0.43 ± 0.15	0.49 ± 0.16
Valerate	0.02^a ± 0.02	0.05^b ± 0.05	0.06^b ± 0.06	0.15^c ± 0.15

Significant differences analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD with a level of significance at p < 0.05. If variables were not normally distributed, statistical significance between time points was analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test following the Wilcoxon rank sum test with Benjamini–Hochberg corrected p-values and a level of significance at p < 0.05. Significant differences between time-points are indicated by different letters. Metabolites that significantly differ over lactation are written in bold. Abbreviations: mM; millimolar, SD; standard deviation, *variables normally distributed.