Table 3.

Association between disorders and metabolism and function in macrophages.

Disorders	Main types	Main metabolic changes	Functional phenotypes
Tumors	TAMs (M2) (141, 142)	1) Increased mitochondrial respiration (64); 2) Reduced glycolysis (64)	1) Combination and secretion of galectin-3 (143)
			2) Activation of ROS (143)
			3) Induced HIF-1α (144)
Obesity and Diabetes	(M1) (81, 145)	1) Reducing lipid transportation (146, 147); 2) Increased glycolysis (66)	Production of ROS (148)
Atherosclerosis	M1 (149)	Increased glycolysis (150)	1) Proinflammatory phenotype (149, 150)
			2)Reduced phagocytic activity (151)
			3) Production of foam cells (146, 152)
Injury and Repairation	M1 → M2 (153)	Activation of glycolysis, the TCA cycle, the PPP, FAS and FAO (154)	Transform from proinflammatory to reparative phenotype timely (153, 154)
Pregnancy- related diseases	a mixed group (155, 156)	Still being studied	Dynamic changes of phenotypes, M1 → M1/M2 → M2 (137–139, 156)

TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; FAS, fatty acid synthesis; FAO, fatty acid oxidation.