Table 4.
Milk fatty acid composition of cows in different treatment groups.
| Fatty Acid, % of Total | Treatments | SEM | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | WF | GF | |||
| C4:0 | 3.23 a | 2.84 a,b | 2.67 b | 0.095 | 0.042 |
| C6:0 | 2.40 a | 2.00 b | 1.91 b | 0.069 | 0.005 |
| C8:0 | 1.50 a | 1.23 b | 1.20 b | 0.045 | 0.007 |
| C10:0 | 3.08 a | 2.52 b | 2.47 b | 0.095 | 0.009 |
| C10:1 cis-9 | 0.65 a | 0.53 b | 0.45 b | 0.024 | 0.001 |
| C12:0 | 3.18 a | 2.58 b | 2.69 b | 0.091 | 0.012 |
| C12:1 cis-9 | 0.09 a | 0.08 b | 0.07 b | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| C14:0 | 9.85 | 9.00 | 9.42 | 0.168 | 0.119 |
| C14:1 cis-9 | 0.89 a | 0.74 b | 0.72 b | 0.030 | 0.042 |
| C16:0 | 35.07 a | 31.15 b | 30.55 b | 0.468 | <0.001 |
| C16:1 trans-7 | 0.13 b | 0.15 a | 0.12 b | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| C16:1 cis-9 | 1.36 | 1.40 | 1.37 | 0.042 | 0.919 |
| C18:0 | 10.15 b | 11.58 a | 11.27 a | 0.221 | 0.016 |
| C18:1 cis-6 | 0.05 b | 0.07 a | 0.06 a,b | 0.003 | 0.070 |
| C18:1 cis-9 | 18.36 b | 22.42 a | 19.67 b | 0.506 | 0.001 |
| C18:1 trans-9 | 0.26 c | 0.32 b | 0.55 a | 0.024 | <0.001 |
| C18:1 trans-6 + trans-11 | 1.19 c | 1.53 b | 2.28 a | 0.101 | <0.001 |
| Other C18:1 1 | 1.49 c | 2.21 b | 4.07 a | 0.206 | <0.001 |
| C18:2 cis-9,cis-12 (LA) | 2.62 b | 2.80 a,b | 3.02 a | 0.060 | 0.020 |
| C18:2 trans-9,trans-12 | 0.12 c | 0.18 b | 0.26 a | 0.011 | <0.001 |
| C18:2 cis-9,trans-11 (CLA) | 0.46 c | 0.62 b | 0.83 a | 0.036 | <0.001 |
| C18:2 trans-10,cis-12 (CLA) | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.002 | 0.142 |
| C18:3 cis-6,cis-9,cis-12 (GLA) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.001 | 0.518 |
| C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 (ALA) | 0.26 c | 0.58 b | 0.91 a | 0.052 | <0.001 |
| C20:0 | 0.10 b | 0.12 a | 0.11 a,b | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| C20:1 cis-9 | 0.08 b | 0.09 a | 0.08 b | 0.002 | 0.019 |
| C20:1 cis-11 | 0.033 b | 0.041 a | 0.042 a | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| C20:2 cis-11,cis-14 (EDA) | 0.035 b | 0.043 a | 0.044 a | 0.001 | 0.014 |
| C20:3 cis-8,cis-11,cis-14 (DGLA) | 0.012 a | 0.010 a,b | 0.009 b | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| C20:3 cis-11,cis-14,cis-17 (ETE) | 0.00 b | 0.03 a | 0.03 a | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| C20:4 cis-5,cis-8,cis-11,cis-14 (AA) | 0.14 a | 0.13 a | 0.11 b | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| C20:5 cis-5,cis-8,cis-11,cis-14,cis-17 (EPA) | 0.03 b | 0.05 a | 0.06 a | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| C22:0 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.002 | 0.164 |
| C22:1 cis-13 | 0.08 b | 0.09 a,b | 0.10 a | 0.005 | 0.094 |
| C22:2 cis-13,cis-16 (DDA) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.278 |
| C22:6 cis-4,cis-7,cis-10,cis-13,cis-16,cis-19 (DHA) | 0.007 b | 0.009 a,b | 0.017 a | 0.002 | 0.037 |
| C24:0 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.002 | 0.383 |
| C24:1cis-15 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.001 | 0.357 |
| Total n-6 PUFA 2 | 2.98 b | 3.16 a | 3.34 a | 0.059 | 0.042 |
| Total n-3 PUFA 3 | 0.30 c | 0.67 b | 1.01 a | 0.057 | <0.001 |
| n-6/n-3 4 | 10.07 a | 4.77 b | 3.30 c | 0.545 | <0.001 |
| SFA | 68.66 a | 63.08 b | 62.45 b | 0.685 | <0.001 |
| MUFA | 23.31 b | 27.61 a | 25.66 a | 0.540 | 0.002 |
| PUFA | 3.90 c | 4.67 b | 5.49 a | 0.141 | <0.001 |
| D9- desaturase indices | |||||
| C10:1 | 17.40 a | 17.44 a | 15.15 b | 0.376 | 0.012 |
| C12:1 | 2.74 | 2.84 | 2.55 | 0.059 | 0.131 |
| C14:1 | 8.35 | 7.61 | 7.10 | 0.297 | 0.230 |
| C16:1 | 3.72 | 4.28 | 4.32 | 0.137 | 0.131 |
| C18:1 | 64.34 | 65.86 | 63.51 | 0.552 | 0.218 |
| C20:1 | 44.28 | 43.53 | 42.33 | 0.459 | 0.223 |
CK = dairy cows fed a basal diet (without flaxseed); WF = dairy cows with whole flaxseed diet (whole flaxseed 1500 g per day); GF = dairy cows with ground flaxseed diet (ground flaxseed 1500 g per day); 1 Sum of unrecognized C18:1 in this experiment; 2 Sum of LA, GLA, EDA, DGLA, AA, and DDA; 3 Sum of ALA, ETE, EPA, and DHA; 4 The ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA; a–c Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly for treatment effect.