Table 1.
Quantitative analysis of anthocyanin in UVB-treated purple kohlrabi sprouts.
| Anthocyanin (μg/mL) |
Rt 1 (min) |
[M]+ (m/z) |
MS/MS | Non-UV Treated | UV Treated | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 h | 6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 48 h | 6 h | 12 h | 24 h | 48 h | ||||
| Cyanidin 3-diglucoside-5-glucoside | 8.82 | 773 | 611/449/287 | 0.56 ± 0.23 | 0.90 ± 0.29 | 0.72 ± 0.17 | ND 2 | 0.42 ± 0.13 ***3 | ND | ND | 1.68 ± 0.31 ** | 1.28 ± 0.85 |
| Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside | 9.51 | 611 | 449/287 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.52 ± 0.31 | ND |
| Cyanidin 3-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)(oxaloyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 10.91 | 965 | 803/449/287 | ND | 0.39 ± 0.24 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 7.34 ± 5.41 |
| Cyanidin 3-(caffeoyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 12.39 | 935 | 449/287 | ND | 3.87 ± 0.70 ** | 0.54 ± 0.37 | 2.23 ± 2.20 | 2.07 ± 1.00 | 2.27 ± 0.56 ** | 2.09 ± 0.90 * | 3.88 ± 0.71 ** | ND |
| Cyanidin 3-(sinapoyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 15.94 | 979 | 817/449/287 | 3.11 ± 0.89 | 2.41 ± 0.49 ** | 2.96 ± 0.64 ** | 2.26 ± 2.27 | 2.76 ± 1.49 | 1.20 ± 0.44 | 1.58 ± 0.71 | 4.45 ± 0.16 *** | 4.78 ± 2.20 * |
| Cyanidin 3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 18.14 | 949 | 787/449/287 | 2.93 ± 0.94 | 4.02 ± 1.70 * | 3.95 ± 0.59 *** | 2.40 ± 2.21 | 1.81 ± 0.68 * | 2.71 ± 0.62 ** | 2.38 ± 1.10 * | 2.80 ± 0.18 *** | 2.24 ± 1.05 |
| Cyanidin 3-diglucoside-5-xyloside | 19.96 | 743 | 611/419/287 | 0.80 ± 0.40 | 1.28 ± 0.57 | 1.40 ± 0.41 * | 0.63 ± 0.93 | 2.16 ± 1.00 | 0.43 ± 0.09 | ND | 0.42 ± 0.22 | ND |
| Cyanidin 3-diglucoside | 21.24 | 611 | 287 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.47 ± 0.26 | 0.13 ± 0.39 |
| Cyanidin 3-(caffeoyl)(p-coumaroyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 23.24 | 1081 | 919/449 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.33 ± 0.11 | 0.24 ± 0.47 |
| Cyanidin 3-(glycopyranosyl-sinapoyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 25.04 | 1141 | 979/817/449 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.29 ± 0.12 ** | 1.24 ± 1.09 |
| Cyanidin 3-(sinapoyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 26.76 | 1141 | 817/449/287 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 1.00 ± 0.12 * | 1.03 ± 0.86 |
| Cyanidin 3-(sinapoyl)(p-coumaroyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 27.74 | 979 | 963/449 | 1.19 ± 0.60 | 1.62 ± 0.97 | 1.48 ± 0.37 * | 0.95 ± 1.20 | ND | 0.79 ± 0.32 | 1.67 ± 0.96 | 4.77 ± 0.71 *** | 3.21 ± 1.83 |
| Cyanidin 3-(caffeoyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 28.86 | 979 | 773/449/287 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.77 ± 0.18 | 1.00 ± 0.66 | 2.45 ± 0.37 ** | 1.63 ± 0.85 |
| Cyanidin 3-(sinapoyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 34.65 | 979 | 817/655/449/287 | 14.66 ± 6.39 | 11.43 ± 1.73 *** | 13.61 ± 4.00 ** | 12.35 ± 10.52 | 21.31 ± 2.66 *** | 17.18 ± 3.10 *** | 19.44 ± 6.70 ** | 34.99 ± 2.14 *** | 17.05 ± 5.29 ** |
| Cyanidin 3-(feruloyl)(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 39.05 | 1125 | 963/449 | 6.93 ± 1.77 | 8.00 ± 1.34 *** | 8.46 ± 1.29 *** | 6.87 ± 5.40 | 10.24 ± 0.19 *** | 8.20 ± 1.47 *** | 10.08 ± 3.31 ** | 14.83 ± 0.27 *** | 9.75 ± 3.99 * |
| Cyanidin 3-(sinapoylloyl)(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 39.90 | 1125 | 993/899/449 | 9.83 ± 2.25 | 12.60 ± 2.00 *** | 13.43 ± 2.08 *** | 10.56 ± 7.88 | 15.51 ± 1.22 *** | 11.22 ± 2.06 *** | 11.55 ± 3.74 ** | 17.86 ± 0.60 *** | 14.88 ± 6.75 * |
| Cyanidin 3-(sinapoyl)(sinapoyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside | 40.55 | 1185 | 1023/449 | 41.40 ± 10.92 | 52.13 ± 9.40 *** | 54.48 ± 8.43 *** | 45.40 ± 32.25 | 61.37 ± 7.29 *** | 45.68 ± 6.83 *** | 43.29 ± 14.12 ** | 51.53 ± 1.15 *** | 36.66 ± 15.07 * |
| Cyanidin 3-(sinapoyl)diglucoside-5-xyloside | 42.54 | 949 | 817/419/287 | 2.57 ± 0.66 | 3.21 ± 0.63 ** | 0.45 ± 0.18 | 1.77 ± 1.61 | 5.06 ± 0.91 *** | ND | ND | 3.19 ± 0.06 *** | 2.82 ± 1.22 * |
1 Rt, Retention time. 2 ND, Not detected. 3 The t-test showed statistically significant difference (*** p <0.001, ** p <0.01, * p <0.05) compared with control (0 h).