. 2022 Jul 25;10(8):1495. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10081495

Table 1.

The changes of inflammatory markers in animals with SARA.

Inflammatory Biomarkers	Animal Species/Test Samples	Disease Group Animals	Control Group Animals
LPS	Goat/Cecal contents	19,889.47 ^a ± 2917.37 EU/mL	7257.01 ± 1020.43 EU/mL [47]
	Cattle/Rumen fluid	51,481 ^a EU/mL	13,331 EU/mL [48]
	Dairy cows/Rumen fluid	151,985 ^a EU mL	29,492 EU/mL [49]
	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	0.81 ^a EU/mL	<0.05 EU/mL [49]
	Dairy cows/Rumen fluid	89.3 ^a kEU/mL	34.2 kEU/mL [50]
	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	0.37 ^a EU/mL	0.16 EU/mL [50]
	Dairy cows/Rumen fluid	78.43 ^a kEU/mL	47.47 kEU/mL [51]
	Dairy cows/lacteal artery plasma	0.85 ^a EU/mL	0.45 EU/mL [51]
	Dairy cows/lacteal vein plasma	0.25 ^a EU/mL	0.15 EU/mL [51]
	Dairy cows/Feces	252,345 ^a EU/g	3514 EU/g [51]
Histamine	Dairy cows/Rumen fluid	64 ^a μmol/L	0.5 μmol/L [52]
	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	0.2 ^a μmol/L	<0.009 μmol/L [52]
	Dairy cows/Rumen fluid	161.2 ** μmol/L	46.4 μmol/L [53]
	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	7.92 ** μmol/L	2.03 μmol/L [53]
TNF-α	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	18.56 ^a fmol/mL	9.83 fmol/mL [50]
IL-1β	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	1.07 ^a ng/mL	0.32 ng/mL [50]
IL-6	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	532.18 ^a pg/mL	98.36 pg/mL [50]
SAA	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	446.7 ^a μg/mL	164.4 μg/mL [49]
	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	498.8 ^a μg/mL	286.8 μg/mL [54]
	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	170.7 ^a ± 36.53μg/mL	33.6 ± 36.53 μg/mL [5]
Hp	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	484 ^a μg/mL	<50 μg/mL [49]
	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	265 ^a μg/mL	244 μg/mL [54]
	Beef cattle/Peripheral blood	0.79 ^a ± 0.14 mg/mL	0.43 ± 0.14 mg/mL [5]
LBP	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	53.1 ^a μg/mL	18.2 μg/mL [49]
LBP	Dairy cows/Milk	6.94 ^a μg/mL	3.02 μg/mL [49]
WBC	Dairy cows/Peripheral blood	5.69 × 10⁹/L	5.23 × 10⁹/L [54]

Note: ^a represents significant difference compared with the control group; ** represents extremely significant difference compared with the control group.