Table 5.
The description of the intervention applied within the randomized controlled trials included in the systematic review [22,23,24,25,26,27,28].
| Ref. | Characteristics of Applied Intervention | Iron Intake within Diet | Vitamin C Intake within Diet | Study Duration | Biochemical Measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [24] | (1) Diet with fortified beverage: orange-flavored micronutrient-fortified powdered beverage mix containing 11 micronutrients (iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folic acid, and vitamin B12) (176 kcal/day; iron: 10.8 mg/day; vitamin C: 144 mg/day); (2) Diet with placebo beverage (176 kcal/day) |
Not specified | Not specified | 8 weeks | Hemoglobin, serum ferritin |
| [25] | (1) Diet with milk powder fortified with iron: 400 mL of milk fortified with iron (15 mg/day), fortified with vitamin C and folic acid; (2) Diet with iron nonfortified milk powder: 400 mL of nonfortified milk, fortified with vitamin C and folic acid; (3) Supplement: daily iron-folic acid supplement in pill form (60 mg/day); 250 μg of folic acid; (4) Placebo: placebo tablet |
At baseline: 9.7–10.3 mg/day, depending on group (no differences) |
At baseline: 41.1–50.4 mg/day, depending on group (no differences) |
16 weeks | Hemoglobin, transferrin saturation |
| [22] | (1) Diet: counselling based on intake of calcium, iron, folic acid, vitamins C, E and other antioxidants through dairy products, vegetables, and fruits, accompanied by removal of fluoride from ingestion through drinking water, food, and other sources; (2) Control: no dietary intervention |
Not specified | Not specified | 20 weeks | Hemoglobin |
| [26] | (1) Diet: 600 g of tempeh, 30 g of meat, 30 g of dry anchovies, 30 g of chicken liver, 350 g of guava, 300 g of papaya, 100 g of orange provided weekly as a supplementary products (providing 3.97 mg of iron and 173 mg of vitamin C per day); free access to receive tablets containing 60 mg of Fe and 250 mg of folic acid; (2) Control: no dietary intervention; free access to receive tablets containing 60 mg of Fe and 250 mg of folic acid |
Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin receptor, body iron concentration |
| [27] | (1) Diet: Trials of Improved Practices (TIPs) applied through 3 home visits (assessment, negotiation, and evaluation) to interview, counsel and assess the results of implementing novel dietary practices; (2) Control: no dietary intervention applied within TIPs (2 home visits for assessment and evaluation) |
At baseline: Diet: 19 ± 7.02 mg/day; control: 19.05 ± 6.63 mg/day After intervention: Diet: 21.58 ± 7.25 mg/day; control: 19.96 ± 6.59 mg/day |
Not controlled * | 12 weeks | Hemoglobin |
| [28] | (1) Diet: counselling focused on best practices related to diet, anemia prevention and management; Corn Soya Blend Plus supplements (CSB Plus) provided from the first trimester to delivery (6.75 kg of CSB Plus and 300 mL of vitamin A- and vitamin D-fortified palmolein oil to be added during cooking, monthly—daily ration of 200 g of CSB Plus and 10 mL of oil—850 kcal, 13 mg of iron, 200 mg of vitamin C); receiving daily tablets containing iron (60 mg) and folic acid (400 mg) and if anemic—2 iron-folic acid tablets per day for 14 days; (2) Control: counselling focused on best practices related to diet, anemia prevention and management; no CSB Plus provided; receiving daily tablets containing iron (60 mg) and folic acid (400 mg) and if anemic—2 iron-folic acid tablets per day for 14 days |
Not specified | Not specified | 6–8 months | Hemoglobin |
| [23] | (1) Diet with lactoferrin: pineapple flavored lactoferrin oral sachets (100 mg) two times per day for 4 weeks accompanied with health education (including treatment for anemia during pregnancy); avoiding coffee and tea particularly immediately after meals; increasing dietary intake of iron-rich food and vitamin C-rich food; (2) Total dose infusion of low-molecular weight iron dextran (individually calculated using Ganzoni formula); avoiding coffee and tea, particularly immediately after meals; increasing dietary intake of iron-rich food and vitamin C-rich food |
Not controlled * | Not controlled * | 4 weeks | Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), serum iron, ferritin, and total iron binding capacity |
* Data provided on request.