Table 2.

Genes encoding Heavy Metal transporting ATPases (HMAs) for Cd transport in plants.

Plant Species	Genes	Expression Sites	Subcellular Location	Function	References
Arabidopsis thaliana	AtHMA2	-	Plasma membrane	Cd translocation	[61,62]
	AtHMA3	Root apex	Tonoplast	Cd sequestration	[63,64]
	AtHMA4	tissues surrounding the root vascular vessels	Plasma membrane	Cd translocation	[61,65,66,67]
Oryza sativa L	OsHMA2	in the mature zone of the roots at the vegetative stage	Plasma membrane	Cd translocation	[68,69,70]
	OsHMA3	Roots	Tonoplast	Cd sequestration	[71,72,73,74,75,76]
	OsHMA9	vascular bundles and anthers	Plasma membrane	Cd efflux	[77]
Triticum aestivum L.	TaHMA2	Nodes	Plasma membrane	Cd translocation	[78]
Glycine max	GmHAM3w	Roots	Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)	Cd sequestration	[79]
Sedum plumbizincicola	SpHMA1	Leaves	Chloroplast envelope	Cd efflux	[80]
	SpHMA3	Leaves	Tonoplast	Cd sequestration	[81]
Sedum alfredii Hance	SaHMA3	Shoots	Tonoplast	Cd sequestration	[82]
Thlaspi caerulescens	TcHMA3	Roots and shoots	Tonoplast	Cd sequestration	[83]
	TcHMA4	Roots		-	[84]
Brassica juncea	BjHMA4	Roots, stems and leaves	Cytosol	Cd translocation	[85]
Iris lactea	IlHMA2	Roots	Plasma membrane	Cd translocation	[86]
Populus tomentosa Carr.	PtoHMA5	-	-	Cd translocation	[87]