Table 1.
Isolation protocols described in field studies reviewed for analyzing MP particles in freshwater biota along with units, shapes, and size ranges
| Author(s) | Organisma) | Componentb) | Treatment | Exposurec) | Reporting unitsd) | Shapes | Size range(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanchez et al. 201433 | Fish | GI tracts | – | – | – | Focused on fibers | – |
| Phillips and Bonner 201540 | Fish | GI tracts | – | – | – | Films, fragments, and filaments (fibers not recorded) | Max 5.5 mm (linear length) |
| Faure et al. 20159 | Fish and birds | GI tracts | – | – | MP bird−1 | Mostly fibers and fragments | – |
| Holland et al. 201631 | Birds | GI tracts | – | – | Items bird−1 | Mostly fragments | 50 µm to 5 mm |
| Peters and Bratton 201630 | Fish | GI tracts | – | – | Mean MPs fish−1 | 96% threads (fibrous) | 4% > 5 mm (thread size not reported) |
| Biginagwa et al. 201638 | Fish | GI tracts | NaOH (10 mol L−1) | 24 h (60 °C) | – | – | – |
| Silva‐Cavalcanti et al. 201732 | Fish | GI tracts | – | Particles dried 24 h (70 °C) | No. particles fish−1 | Fibers only shape described (46.6%) | 1–12 mm |
| Campbell et al. 201739 | Fish | GI tracts | 10% NaClO and HNO3: NaClO (1:10 v/v) | Overnight and until dissolved (room) | Mean MPs fish−1 | Predominantly fibers and fragments | – |
| Pazos et al. 201734 | Fish | GI tracts | 30% H2O2 | Until dissolved (60 °C) | MPs fish−1 | 96% fibers | 60 µm to 4.7 mm |
| Vendel et al. 201736 | Fish | GI tracts | – | – | Items total fish−1 | 90% fibers, remainder films and fragments | – |
| McGoran et al. 201737 | Fish | GI tracts | – | – | Mean fibers fish−1 | Mostly fibers | – |
| Jabeen et al. 201735 | Fish | GI tracts | 30% H2O2 and density separation NaCl (1.2 g cm−3) | 24–72 h (65 °C) | Items g−1, items individual−1 | Fibers, fragments, and film | 40 µm to 5 mm |
| Horton et al. 201841 | Fish | GI tracts | – | – | Particles fish−1 | Mostly fibers (75%) | <5 mm |
| Collard et al. 201825 | Fish | GI tracts, liver, and muscle tissue | NaClO (14 g L−1) | Overnight (room) | AP g−1 of stomach content | Fibers dominant | 390 µm to 7.38 mm |
| McNeish et al. 201855 | Fish | GI tracts |
Dried 24 h (75 °C) 30% H2O2: Fe(II) (0.05 mol L−1) |
Until dissolved (75 °C) | No. MPs fish−1 | Fibers dominant | <1.5 mm, 1.6–3.2 mm, >3.3 mm |
| Hurley et al. 201726 | Invertebrates | Whole | 10% KOH | ≤10 min (60 °C) | Particles g−1 (wet weight) | 87% fibers, remainder fragments | 55 µm to 4.1 mm |
| Hu et al. 201829 | Tadpoles | Whole | 30% H2O2 | ≤72 h (65 °C) | Items individual−1 | Mostly fibers | <0.5 mm |
| Nel et al. 201827 | Invertebrates | Whole | HNO3 | 6 h (room) + 1 h (100 °C) | Particles mg−1 (wet weight) | – | – |
| Su et al. 201828 | Molluscs | Soft tissue | 30% H2O2 | ≤72 h (65 °C) | Items g−1 | Fibers | 0.021–4.02 mm |
| Windsor et al. 201924 | Invertebrates | Whole |
Density separation NaCl (1.2 g cm−3) and 15% H2O2 |
48 h (25°C) | MP mg−1 | – | 500 µm to 5 mm |
a)Broad classification of organisms studied (invertebrates = benthic macroinvertebrates); b)Component is the target component analyzed for MPs; c)Exposure = time of digestion (temperature); d)Units used to report microplastic burden in terms of abundance or concentration.